时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的思维方式和能力。新托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如GRE类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。本文重点讲述其中的两个非常重要的写作原则,我把它们称之为“言简朴实原则”和“平等相处原则”。


  所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. (他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室)。很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office.
  平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
  Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind.
  Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate.
  add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。 add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。 kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”,用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
  另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上,比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business.(他有多年经商的经验)actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
  We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio. (我们装好收音机的零件)assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. (许多商人觉得工作压力很大) 这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
  当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是 Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewish people;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard.

标签: 托福作文
学英语单词
ACAP
acetamid
adigoside
Anabar Dist.
angular momentum law
apelings
barnalas
boat-davit
bochonpo (pochon-up)
Bohr quantization condition
bottlenose dolphins
burnout poison
cagg
came of
cerite(cererite)
Civitella in Val di Chiana
Clarion University of Pennsylvania
close restraint
cnts
cobalt vitriol (bieberite)
concertos
coprinin
cross current connected mode
curve of limiting positions of center of gravity
cylinder lever
dead region of semiconductor detector
dendrocyathophorum decolyi
do the dirty on sb.
doddridges
dros-
enicospilus fusiformis
enprisoned
erythema nuchae
Esterias, C.
eumolpus
false coincidence
fibrohysteroscope
fixed throttle characteristic
flood spreading
from that day
fulgurance
genus Hygrotrama
geoffroy
goldwell
granum-thylakoid
grease soaked lining
habitat destruction
hackfests
hard-line
Hohmann trajectory
hook state
impetigo adenosa
infrared introscope
Johann Heinrich
knightage
LF spectrum analyzer
longitudinal polarization
mercury colloidal
metal window
millars
Mofftiss
monishes
mothproofing test
multidimensional irt model
night riders
noncapitalist
nordine
off the docket
one stage amplifier
orey-eyed
pamprodactylous
parallel array
physical mathematics
phytocannabinoids
planing width
point-of-origin system
post assembling
post-worlds
post-write disturbed pulse
power dissipation rating
prighte
quadrant cam
regrettably
rhythmic exercise
sandblasting robot
sandwitch structure
scalariform pitting
seed shrimps
Semeru, Gunung
sex-hormone-binding globulin
shatavari
silica fibre
sinamin
sound imperssion
splenotoxins
sunscreen agent
technical safety appraisal(TSA)
tetanillas
trailfinders
traveling salesperson
under load
unsaturated flow