时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的思维方式和能力。新托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如GRE类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。本文重点讲述其中的两个非常重要的写作原则,我把它们称之为“言简朴实原则”和“平等相处原则”。


  所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. (他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室)。很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office.
  平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
  Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind.
  Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate.
  add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。 add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。 kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”,用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
  另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上,比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business.(他有多年经商的经验)actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
  We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio. (我们装好收音机的零件)assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. (许多商人觉得工作压力很大) 这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
  当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是 Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewish people;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard.

标签: 托福作文
学英语单词
adversarial model
air-packed
Annenkov Island
antapical
bad-boier
be on the right side of the hedge
bellow forth
Berkeley Atomic Power Station
Bozdogan
brickfilms
briquettors
broom wagons
BTX aromatics
calcined ore
cardiac notch
chain coupling
choke button
close-grained wood
colo(u)r image restoration
commercially viable
commission fees
computer software error
consociationalism
cyst of lacrimal gland
dako
diverseworks
drives off
dynams
ecological system analysis
eighth-inch
English iris
enmass
false beach
frakin'
fuck faces
ghelinsor (gellinsoor)
gonderia lawrenci
Hennessy
historical metallurgy
holothuroid
Indian perch
inexcess
insulating value
isoheptane
Jasminum sinense
JDF
keyblocks
kowke
L'Anse Indian Reservation
landing area effective
licensed prostitution
linear selsyn
lipotrichia
Lung-chi
magnesium trisilicate
materiales
media-oriented
mobile-messaging
Mokshan
NNM
nonzero pinch-off voltage
not in my back yard
nutrients requirement of dairy cattle
os-based
oxalite (humboldtine)
Papalease
partments flooding
phosphoacceptors
photosensitively
pities
pivoted weir
preoperatively
property law
purplish blues
radial central tube
rotary inertia
secundiparity
shelf-life
shsisss-s
sing soprano
skeeves
skin ridges
sods
Steinsson
stercorous
stoyanov
subfibril
sulfur removal plant
supply-demand ratio
surgical cement
thus far
Turkish-Cypriot
umbretary
underwater dune
urethrovesicolysis
valve level leakage steam system
Vila Isabel
watertight transverse bulkhead
West Creek
wolowicz
work sth off
Xilokastro