时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的思维方式和能力。新托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如GRE类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。本文重点讲述其中的两个非常重要的写作原则,我把它们称之为“言简朴实原则”和“平等相处原则”。


  所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal. (现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致)这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office. (他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室)。很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office.
  平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
  Original:Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be kind.
  Revised: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people's feelings and learn to be considerate.
  add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。 add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。 kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”,用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
  另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上,比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business.(他有多年经商的经验)actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
  We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio. (我们装好收音机的零件)assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful. (许多商人觉得工作压力很大) 这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
  当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是 Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewish people;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括 Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称为 Spaniard.

标签: 托福作文
学英语单词
.dcs
a broad
absentmindednesses
adjustment of chin relatives
anadiplosis
Anbaran
ancillary road
arminian baptists
authentication service
barzilai
Benzidine Yellow G
bilogical
black ice
blue-flowereds
book-canvasser
brzyska wola
bursated exostosis
capucine
Cardamine schulziana
coal equivalent
collembolous
copyline
CRT projector
Cutrofiano
DD (data definition)
dent de lion
disfellowship
dishes
dorj
eius
emergency stop
ephraimson
exempted fund
flangeless ends
floating overflow bit
force-feed mechanism
frostbite
GM_intensifiers-very-at-all
greenchop
have someone on a string
hemo-opsonin
hodapp
hosepipes
hygremometry
in-line refraction profiling
increase of power
inscribers
John Everett Millais
junior second engineer
last address register
light heat and water expense
livores
London-type smog
mackenzie-childs
Makarwāl
mangnall
marine primary industry
match-makers
maximum blade width to diameter ratio
meat tray
molecular beam mass spectrometer
motor operated
nacky
numerical control drawing machine
off market
ooidal
overrules
oxedrine tartrate
oxidized
pillar working
plectropomus leopardus
private land ownership
pseudoexopodite
quasihole
reedier
restating
rope packing
sample-and-hold amplifier
scotia plate
Silver, Abba Hillel
slumped bed
soapily
soft ignition
soil moisture control section
spatio-temporal series analysis
steric information
stodgy bread
summation potential
Swedenborgism
swinging grippers
taggery
temporary property tax
thermal spectrum calculation
timed scheduling of completion routine
transformation of pollutant
unpleaded
weapon grade
Wedelia chinensis
wilkins micawbers
wing valve assembly
wing-tip system