时间:2019-01-14 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

  今天要学的习惯用语都包括这个词:whip。 Whip可以当名词,解释为鞭子,但是它也可以是动词,意思是鞭打,而且通常是惩罚性的鞭打。今天要学的第一个习惯用语是: whipping boy。Whipping boy这个说法来自十六世纪的英国。当时的传统是在宫廷里专门设一名whipping boy, 当小王子任性行为不检点,不得不处罚他的时候,这个whipping boy就得代替王子挨鞭打。

随着英国皇室日渐开明,whipping boy早已不存在了,但是这个历史遗迹却留在英语中。它用来比喻什么呢?我们听个例子吧。这段话是关于一名年青的空军上尉。他在军内的一宗丑闻案中遭到了不公正的指控。

例句-1:He claims he was the whipping boy in the air base scandal. Well, it's probably true. He was only a captain and he had to obey the colonel's orders. I think the colonel is the real guilty party.

这个空军上尉声称自己在空军基地丑闻中只是个替罪羊,那可能真是这样。他只是个上尉,必须服从上校的命令。所以说话的人认为真正有罪的是上校。

从这段话可见whipping boy这个习惯用语被用来比喻任何为他人担当罪责、代人受过的人。

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再来听个也使用了whipping boy这个习惯用语的例子。这段话描述一个可怜的孩子不幸的家庭生活。

例句-2:Tom says his mother uses him as the whipping boy at home. She's an alcoholic 1 and whenever his dad gets mad at her for getting drunk, she turns all her anger at him onto her son.

Tom说:他母亲把他当成家里的受气包,母亲酗酒,每当父亲为母亲喝醉酒发火的时候,母亲就迁怒于儿子。

母亲自知理亏,当然不能冲父亲发火,却把火发在Tom身上,可见这里的whipping boy是指受气包或者替罪羊。

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今天要学的第二个习惯用语是: crack the whip。 Crack the whip原本的意思是打响鞭,也就是挥动鞭子发出清脆响亮的爆裂一般的声音。

这个习惯用语起源于十九世纪移居美国的人们前往西部开辟新天地的时候。他们把全部家当都装在骡子或者牛拉的大车里,而赶大车的多半是经过千锤百炼的好手,挥鞭的技巧好到能一鞭子打死叮骡子臀部的马蝇,却不伤骡子的一根毫毛。所以车把式打响鞭是为了警告并且管教牲口,让它们乖乖地听从命令,不会真的伤害牲口。当然如今这个习惯用语已经转用到日常生活的各方面,而且多半跟牲口无关了。我们听个例子。这是个爸爸在为儿子近来发生的变化担心:

例句-3:Unless I crack the whip, he doesn't do anything, even brush his teeth these days. This is a big change - he used to be such a good helper and so well organized and hard-working.

他说:儿子近来无所事事,要是他不管教的话,甚至连牙也不刷。这和以前大不相同,因为儿子曾经那么乐于助人,而且办事井井有条、勤勤恳恳。

这里crack the whip这个习惯用语意思是管教或者提出口头警告。

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再听个例子。它说的是办公室里的事情。有些主管特别居高临下,时而会对下属宣布一些强硬措施。下面说的就是这样一个主管。

例句-4:I hate the way the boss cracks the whip at us. He just told us, 'From now on you have to submit a written slip to me before you take more than an hour off. Without this, I'll regard you as AWOL.'

他说:我最讨厌那主管对我们耍威风。他刚才对我们下令说:‘从现在开始,你们凡是请假一小时以上,事先都得给我写假条,不然我就作擅离职守处理。’

这段话里的习惯用语crack the whip意思显然是耍威风。



adj.(含)酒精的,由酒精引起的;n.酗酒者
  • The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
  • Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
学英语单词
abaser
acrofollin
adrogolide
Alfurese
appellations
apprisers
ascunce
autoscaled
Azedarachin(Toosendanin)
bear one's cross
betokens
blocking interlocking system
burette,buret
cabinet with mirror door
cadmium ratio
cardiac jelly
christ-church
Citrllus vulgaris
cocklers
concentration of tracer
d'medved
daily settlement
damage plan
dc coupling
deef
delayed release
deniers
dispersion characteristics
diurese
electronic access
explosive volcano
geothermal power
Godel process
high diver
home for the aged
Horizontal ruler
horn drum
hot air-brown oven
imbezzled
infrared decoy system
internal thoracic vein
Khwāja Amrān
La Teste
lack system in one's work
Lincocina
loaded car
lockrams
luscombe
lysylalanine
major cross street
Manichean
mesangiolysis
mill housing window
moczek
moderate-cost
Moriamin-S
multi-purpose missile (mpm)
muskyl
nikolayevsk-na-amure (nikolaevsk)
on one's own responsibility
Ovidiu
oxybiontic bacteria
parallel-series blasting circuit
pick a fight
picture linearity control
porphyrolepis
price ceiling
proeutectoid cementite
radial opening of guide vane
re-inforced
recirculating dissolver
regulating set
rieu
rim of the guide blading
roughhew
Roulers(Roeselare)
search string
Sebutol
seismogeography
serving mallet
shellfish hatchery
shift driving shaft
sick seam
SMHP
speech recognition and understanding
stal
store diagnostic program
stubben
styolyl diacetate
tank drama
tetrabrachial monster
Trelan-G
triple diffused transistor
under-voltage test
utterers
vallecula cerebri lateralis
waste-heat recovery power plant
with one's face at half-past-eight
Woldman's test
Zaaimansdal
zero allowance
zinc bronze