时间:2019-01-11 作者:英语课 分类:VOA慢速英语2009年(十)月


英语课

This is the VOA Special English Economics 1 Report.


Economists 2 usually study markets. Now, two Americans have won the Nobel Prize in economics for not studying markets.


They will share almost one and a half million dollars for their analysis of economic governance. This is the study of how economic activity is governed within companies, communities and other groups.
 
Elinor Ostrom


The winners are Elinor Ostrom of Indiana University in Bloomington and Oliver Williamson of the University of California, Berkeley. The prize in economic sciences has gone to sixty-three men since it was first awarded forty years ago. Elinor Ostrom is the first woman. And, like other winners over the years, her training is not limited to economics. She is a professor of political science and of public and environmental affairs.


Today, economic theory suggests that good resource management requires ownership 3, either private or public. If not, the thinking goes, then self-interest will lead to overuse and destruction 4 of shared resources. Ecologist Garrett Hardin described this idea in nineteen sixty-eight as "the tragedy of the commons."


Elinor Ostrom showed how local decision making can lessen 5 the tragedy. Her research has deepened 6 understanding of how people balance their needs with those of others who depend on the same resources.


She studied communities like farmers in Southern California who depended on a common water supply. She documented how people who use resources often develop ways to share them. One example is forest management.


ELINOR OSTROM: "One of the absolutely key, most important variables 7 as to whether or not a forest survives and continues is whether local people monitor each other and its use. Not officials, locals."
 
Oliver Williamson


Oliver Williamson has studied big companies and found that they often are better than markets at doing complex jobs. Under his theory, businesses act as structures for conflict resolution.


For example, companies that own their suppliers can avoid long-term contracts and disputes 8 over prices. This can make production more efficient and make better use of limited resources.


But businesses can also abuse 9 their power. Professor Williamson says the best way to deal with this is not by limiting the size of companies, but through industry regulation.


The Royal Swedish Academy 10 of Sciences said economists need to do more than study markets and prices. The Nobel judges urged more research like the kind they recognized with this year's award.


And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.



n.经济学,经济情况
  • He is studying economics,which subject is very important.他正在学习经济学,该学科是很重要的。
  • One can't separate politics from economics.不能把政治与经济割裂开来。
n.经济学家,经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
  • The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
  • Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.所有(权),所有制
  • The house is under new ownership.那栋房子已易新主。
  • He claimed ownership of the house.他声称那幢房子归他所有。
n.破坏,毁灭,消灭
  • The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。
  • Overconfidence was his destruction.自负是他垮台的原因。
vt.减少,减轻;缩小
  • Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
  • They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他们尽力减小飞机的噪音。
v.变深,加深( deepen的过去式和过去分词 );加浓
  • Their friendship soon deepened into love. 他们的友谊很快发展成为爱情。
  • The gloom deepened as the election results came in. 选举结果陆续传来,失败的情绪越来越重。
n.可变因素,变数( variable的名词复数 )
  • Have you taken all the variables into account in your calculations? 在你的计算中有没有把所有的可变因素都考虑进去? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Mathematicians can solve problems with two variables. 数学家们可以用两个变数来解决问题。 来自哲学部分
n.辩论( dispute的名词复数 );争端;(劳资)纠纷;罢工v.辩论,争论( dispute的第三人称单数 );争夺;阻止;就…进行辩论
  • a legalistic approach to family disputes 死抠法律条文解决家庭纠纷的方法
  • a party riven by internal disputes 由于内部分歧而四分五裂的政党
vt.滥用;辱骂;诋毁;n.滥用;恶习;弊端
  • You can't make personal abuse on her.你不可对她进行人身攻击。
  • She screamed abuse at me.她尖声责备我。
n.(高等)专科院校;学术社团,协会,研究院
  • This is an academy of music.这是一所音乐专科学院。
  • I visited Chinese Academy of Sciences yesterday.我昨天去访问了中国科学院。
学英语单词
-teenth
angular motion
appointment-only
ash-greys
autocratic leader
automatic data processing systems
Ban Nong Yang
Bandwidth-on-demand
bare the metal
basilar membranae
bonnett
catalogable permanent file
cheek retractor
chloroethylaminoanthraquinones
classical-styles
closure of simplex
collective body
community residents
copius
coraebus aesopus
crummy
cystomyxoma
dispension
disproportionateness
distrbuted processing
electro-gas arc welding
excitaton source
exhibition expenditures
false myxoma
fear-stricken
fibre grease
firiming agent
fix things up
fluidized layer
forage for
fund levy
go on an outing
graphic kernel system
gravity spectrum
gravity tectonics
green cormorant
guilt-trip
heliocentric declination
heterodyne interference
high speed steel end mill
Igo
in one piece nozzle
income-expenditures
interpretation of dreams
island-dwellers
Knelston
laid lower
lead crown glass
Leo III
linen fiber
load up on sth
lyme-hound
make gains
manufacturer's rep
mechano-chemical system
medical diagnostic radiation
metallographs
Middleton Stoney
missel-bird
Mogogelo
noas
note to the accounts
number identification
off-colo(u)r product
oystered
pal(a)eohydrology
Palespotted
pasta rocket
pasteur pipet
permineralised
planetary landing
plant room
plumbaginaceous
pulsed lasers
re-taining part of the extra profit
reed sweep
Resia
ring-a-ring
screen scarifier
sewerage of separate system
site autonomy
taint-hook
take springs out from
testing of soil
tetrazoles
think no small bear of
Tolbukhinski Okrǔg
toona sureni(bl.)merr.
total color blindness
Tristars
wages fund
wooden bridge
written calculation
yeast-liked
zero-zero gel
zhishi xiebai guizhi decoction