时间:2019-01-11 作者:英语课 分类:VOA慢速英语2009年(十)月


英语课

This is the VOA Special English Education Report.


Last week, we discussed one problem for medical journals: the question of authorship. You would think that all the scientists who took part in a research study would be listed as authors. But that is not always the case. Sometimes there are honorary authors and ghost authors. Honorary authors, also called guest authors, receive credit in a published study but had little to do with designing it or writing the article.


Ghost authors work on studies but are not credited. Sometimes they are paid by drug companies to place articles in journals to support the company's products.


One example was described last month at a meeting of international medical journal editors in Vancouver, Canada. Three researchers at the University of California at San Francisco presented information about a drug company's marketing 1 campaign that included placing research articles in medical journals.


In the nineteen nineties, the drug company Parke Davis paid another company, Medical Education Systems, to produce journal articles in support of one of its drugs. Medical Education Systems worked with authors chosen by Parke Davis to research, develop and write articles for publication. Editors of the journals that published the studies did not know about the companies' involvement.


Another study presented at the meeting was done by editors at the Journal of the American Medical Association. Researchers questioned authors of nine hundred articles published last year in six top medical journals.


They found that twenty-one percent of the papers published in those journals had honorary authors. Eight percent had ghost authors. Two percent had both. They compared this to a similar study in nineteen ninety-six. It found that nineteen percent of articles had honorary authors, twelve percent had ghost authors and two percent had both.


The researchers noted 2 the drop in the percentage of ghost authors from twelve percent to eight percent. Annette Flanagin and Joe Wislar said they were pleased about the decrease but had hoped it would be larger.


Some researchers and editors say changes must be made to stop such false author claims. Some have called for journals to identify ghostwritten articles and ban their authors from future publication.


And that's the VOA Special English Education Report, written by Nancy Steinbach. I'm Bob Doughty 3.



n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
adj.著名的,知名的
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
学英语单词
active control tech nology
automation of cargo handling
axis of figure
bainitic transformation
bibliotherapist
blind bombing zone
Bromus magnus
bullock hearts
butt-jointed shell ring
Bükkzsérc
cadence detection
Callicarpa kochiana
chable
chondrogen
columnwise
combined arms team
computer network
contrary intention
corpora liberum pericardii
crosslevel
dar pahn
diphasic titration
dislocation mucleation
equidecomposability
expendable drone
external selection
extreme ultraviolet
fictious person
flat called
Francisco Jose de Goya
Gafac surfactant
give dosage form
ground robin
Herford
hey
isolation between inputs
Jerseytown
jimmying
Kadavu Island
kidney essence
king matker
legal discipline
locator variable
madioxytheria formosana
menformon
metal fuelled
mucolic acids
non-convex quadratic programming
nondelivered
North-West Frontier Province
ordnance engineering
os pharyngeum inferius
Osmoxylon
outlay for liquidation
pain receptor
panting girder
Peacekeeper missile
pick-up coil
pill maker
ply strain
plywood-covered
Porto Grande
pottled
predicting relation
Proxylide
Quipar, R.
rafter
rashie
registro
reticulated vein
shoaib
single row ball bearing with ring seal
six panel door
SL-SD
slip of pen
smooth approach
spectral source density
spray decoration
stalking horses
starter nozzle
stratified one-stage cluster sampling
strepsigonia diluta takamukui
subcutaenous calcareous granuloma
surface of translation
tension-active element
Teza
threa
thump-thump
track balance
transient radiation damage
true fibre
V die
venin-antivenin
ventilating tube
waveshape
within-participants design
woman on the beach
Yedineniya, Ostrov
yellowfins
ymesurid
Zeddam