XDF考研词汇辨析文本二
时间:2019-01-11 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
design 指“制作某物之前深思熟虑地构思”, 如:
It was he that designed the garden.
这个花园是他设计的。
invent指“通过想象、研究、劳动, 创造出前所未有的东西”, 尤指“科技上的发明创造”, 如:
Edison invented the light bulb.
爱迪生发明了电灯炮。
make是最常用词, 指“用劳动地任何制造、生产、形成或组成”, 如:
All kinds of precision machine tools are made in this factory.
这家工厂制造各种精密机床。
manufacture 指大规模的制造生产,manu指手,fact 表示构造 如:
Shoes have been manufactured in this town for centuries.
produce指“通过劳动加工而生产产品”, 尤指“工农业产品”, 如:
We must produce more food for ourselves and import less.
我们必须增产食品, 减少进口。
重音在第一个音节时意思是农产品。
production, productive power, productivity
definition n.定义, 解说
解析:【衍】define 定义 definite确定的 indefinite无限的,不定的
derived 3 vt.得自vi.起源
解析:derive 2 itself from由...而来, 源出
derive knowledge from books从书中获得知识
Many English words are derived from Latin.许多英语词汇源于拉丁文。
【衍】derivation n.
注意deprive,deride,不要混淆。常用过去分词。
distribution n.分配, 分发, 配给物, 销售, 法院对无遗嘱死亡者财产的分配, 分布状态, 区分, 分类,发送,发行
解析:【衍】distribute v. distributive a.
economic adj.经济(上)的, 产供销的, 经济学的
解析:She let her house at an economic rent.
她以合算的方式把房子租出去。
economical a.指节俭的
economic sanction经济制裁
economic reckoning经济核算
economic strike经济性罢工(为提高工资, 缩短工作时间, 改良工作环境而罢工)go on a strike
economic structure经济结构
environmental adj.周围的, 环境的
解析:【衍】environment 环境
【同】surroundings, vicinity
environment 指人与自然界生存的环境,或是某种比喻的环境;
surroundings指围绕着某物的周遭环境,注意是复数;
vicinity指近处的范围,in the vicinity of。
established adj.已制定的, 确定的
解析:【衍】establish
【同】build, construct, erect 4, found, set up
【辨析】辨析同义词可以由它们所带的宾语反推出其区别。
build一般指建立,修建,常带house, road, bridge, socialism, hope等;
construct指用各种材料建成一个整体,着重构筑,书面语;
erect指竖立,有一定高度;
establish有稳固建成的意思,常带school, reputation, government等;
set up着重开始的意思,如monument, school,set up 着重开始,草创。
estimate v估计 估价
解析:参见assessment 5条
evidence n.明显, 显著, 明白, 迹象, 根据, 【物】证据, 证物
解析:It was early, and few pedestrians 6 were in evidence on the city streets.
天还早,街上的几个行人清晰可见。
【衍】evident
【同】distinct, obvious, apparent, clear, plain
【辨析】evident总包含一定的迹象。
It's evident that someone has been here.很明显有人来过.
distinct 指轮廓或意义清晰,不需费力就可看出
Though they talked in a low voice, they could be heard distinctly.
虽然他们低声谈话,还是可以很清楚地听到。
obvious常指欲掩弥彰,非常清楚,常有反面含义。
apparent表示根据迹象进行推理,得出明显的结论。
clear的根本意思是 “清” 不但有清晰之义,还有流畅,清澈的意思, 如clear water;clean指“洁"。
plain暗示因为浅显而清楚。
export vt.输出,出口n.出口商品
解析:【反】import进口
【助记法】ex向外,port 指港口
factors n.因素,要素,因数
解析:【同】element, ingredient,
【辨析】factor具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分;
element强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的,如元素;
ingredient只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分。
financial a.财政的 金融的
解析:【同】fiscal 7, monetary 8
financial 常表示大额交易。与fiscal的区别是:战略及战术的区别,宏观及微观的区别。
Many computer software corporations are experiencing financial reverses.
许多计算机公司经历过财政危机。
fiscal尤指一国的财政政策。
The Secretary of the Treasury 9 is the chief fiscal officer of our government.
财政部长是我国的财政首脑。(treasury bond国库券)
monetary 常指铸币流通或货币政策。
The basic monetary unit of the United States is the dollar.
美国货币基本单位是美元。
formula n.公式,客套语
function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式;v.起作用 ,运行
解析:作名词时,常与perform, serve 搭配
- The author has taught foreigners Chinese manyand gathered rich language and datum.作者长期从事对外汉语教学,积累了丰富的语言资料。
- Every theory,datum,or fact is generated by purpose.任何理论,资料、事实都来自于一定的目的。
- We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
- We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
- Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头,把背挺得笔直。
- Soldiers are trained to stand erect.士兵们训练站得笔直。
- This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
- What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
- Several pedestrians had come to grief on the icy pavement. 几个行人在结冰的人行道上滑倒了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Pedestrians keep to the sidewalk [footpath]! 行人走便道。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
- The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
- The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
- Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。