时间:2019-01-10 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

我们今天要学的习惯用语有相同的结构;都是两个单词中间用and连接起来。 我们要学的第一个习惯用语是: touch and go。 Touch是触碰的意思。习惯用语touch and go沿用至今几乎两百年了。


有些专家认为它的出典可能是在浅水中航行的船只碰上了隐伏水下的沙堤,船只在船底磨擦沙堤的情况下行进。这相当危险,因为船只随时可能被卡住甚至船底破损下沉。这个习惯用语现在用来描绘什么情形呢? 让我们听个例子来体会,说的是夫妇俩经营饭店的经历。


例句-1:My wife and I had a tough time when we started our restaurant. In fact, it was touch and go for two years -- several times we were ready to go bankrupt 1. But now we're making money.


他说:饭店刚开张时我太太和我处境艰难;实际上在头两年里我们处于摇摇欲坠的局面,几度濒临破产边缘,但是如今我们有盈利了。


他们刚起步的两年几次都面临破产的危险。那是一种摇摇欲坠或者一触即发的形势,所以touch and go用来描绘那种危在旦夕的局面。


******


我们再学个习惯用语: hard and fast。这两个词都有几种不同的解释,但是在这里hard意思是严格的,而fast解释固定的。习惯用语hard and fast最初出现在1850年前后,用来描绘一艘搁浅的船或者在码头上待修的船,无论哪种情况这艘船反正是动弹不得、毫无回旋余地了。我们来听个例子:


例句-2:Sorry, we have a hard and fast rule in this shop. You can't pay here with a personal check -- we've had too many bad ones. So you have to pay cash or use a credit 2 card.


他说:抱歉,我们店里有一条不可通融的规矩:你不能用个人支票来付款,因为我们曾经收到的空头支票太多了。所以你必须付现金或者用信用卡。


这里hard and fast意思是严格、不可松动而且毫无通融余地的。


******


我们要学的下一个习惯用语是: fast and loose。这里的fast和刚才意思不同。它解释仓促的,而 loose 在这儿的意思是放纵的。习惯用语fast and loose已经有四百来年的历史了,起源无从查考,可能来自骗乡下人的一种赌博游戏。一根绳带一端系根小棍子,绳带上穿着好几个小圆环,玩儿的人抛起绳带然后得用棍子接住圆环,让它们都套在棍子上。这很难成功,十之八九会落空。Fast and loose如今常用来描绘男女间反复无常、朝三暮四的爱情纠葛。我们听个例子。


例句-3:That man married this rich girl, then played fast and loose with her. After he spent her money he left her and now he's marrying another rich woman.


他说:那人和这个有钱的女孩结婚,然后就反复无常地玩弄她的感情。在他花完了女孩的财产之后,就移情别恋。如今他要和另一个阔女人结婚了。


所以play fast and loose意思是反复无常、朝三暮四。


******


我们最后再学一个习惯用语: cut-and-dried。组成cut-and-dried这个习惯用语的三个单词一般都由连词符号连接。这个习惯用语用了两百来年了,很可能来自伐木业。砍下的木材通常切成统一规格的标准尺寸,待干,以便建房,但是如此一样长短、一般大小又干又硬的木材看着不免叫人觉得单调乏味。如今这个习惯用语用来描绘什么呢? 让我们通过一个例子来体会。这是个学生在批评一位教授。


例句-4:I don't understand why he is so well-known. His lectures are so cut-and-dried that I have trouble staying awake -- he sounds like he's been giving the same speech for twenty years!


他说:我实在不懂为什么他这么有名望。他的讲课既枯燥又单调。我听他的课老要打瞌睡。他的课听来好像是老生常谈地反复讲了二十年了。


根据这个学生的描述,那位教授的讲学正好比一成不变、既干又硬的木材,所以 cut-and-dried意思就是枯燥、单调。


 


 



n.破产者;adj.破产的;vt.使...破产
  • That factory has gone bankrupt.那家工厂倒了。
  • The enemy's scheme went bankrupt.敌人的计谋破产了。
n.信用,荣誉,贷款,学分;v.归功于,赞颂,信任
  • I credit him with a certain amount of sense.我认为他有一定的见识。
  • He got the credit,and we did the dirty work.他得荣誉,我们做不讨好的工作。
学英语单词
-d
abbreviators
Albaron
An Lac
anti-asian
assignably
athenes
axial flow opener
Baeyer's test
barbey degree
belt stripper
Benfleet
Bentinckia
bhutanis
bobowski
boundary layer thickness of energy
Calidris canutus
called subscriber testing circuit
canachitess
cockton
continuous sintering
cultural appropriation
default argument
design burn-up
diamond compact
difference module
direct reversing gas turbine
disanthus cercidifolius maxim.
discombine
drill for boring corners
entopic
epinephrine-assisted
eustatic
fixed income ETF
flagellated
foxlikest
gastrotympanites
Glauburg
grillage footing
Guasipati
gunite mortar
hanbys
has it both ways
hide and hair
inhibition ratio
intercalarity
intestinal suture needle
isotopically
jeffreyite
king's knight
loaned stock
location of apparatus
low pressure generator
lucky day
magnetic signature
Manitoulin
maximum contraction
megalonaias nickliniana
meningocytes
millimeter wave fet amplifiers
music-learning
Myacarus
negligible
neo-digalen
Northern Wales
obstipations
okr
oxidation/fermentation(medium)
Parasenecio rockianus
pilot valve governor
plonk down
polyvinyl plunger
postliminary
prerace
readmire
red factor canary
rent of growing stock
repercusses
rhapsodists
second-storey men
secondary instrument
segment bearing
self-deception
soak-quench technique
software company
solidaire
sunbeamy
tetanomotor
thin-layer chromatographic
thunbergia erecta
thutmosis
time harmonics
tractorable
transient overload reverse voltage limit
vanillaberon
vena dorsalis clitoridis profundas
VTAM
wagon transporter
watch chains
water-ball
with spring spokes wheel
zeroing out