时间:2018-12-02 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别


  普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people, family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health 1, friendship等)。
  二、关于可数名词
  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:
  1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:
  book → books        room → rooms
  house → houses    day → days
  2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 2 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:
  bus → buses
  glass → glasses
  watch → watches
  dish 3dishes 4
  box → boxes
  3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:
  city → cities
  body → bodies
  factory → factories等等。
  4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:
  half → halves      leaf → leaves 5
  knife → knives     wife 6wives 7
  5. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。
  ① child → children
  ② man → men
  woman → women
  policeman → policemen
  (规律:man → men)
  ③ tomato → tomatoes
  potato → potatoes
  [悄悄话: 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos ]
  ④ foot → feet    tooth → teeth
  [悄悄话: oo变成ee。]
  ⑤ sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形
  [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]
  ⑥ people单数形式表示复数意义,要求谓语动词用复数; people的复数形式peoples通常指“多个民族”。
  三、关于不可数名词
  1. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
  如:
  The food is very fresh 8. 食品很新鲜。
  2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:
  water (水) → waters (水域)
  orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)
  3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数,表示种类时就可数,但意义大多不发生变化。如:
  fruit → fruits     food → foods
  fish → fishes    hair → hairs
  四、名词可数不可数“六注意”
  1、可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。
  2、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。如:
  He is a factory worker. 他是一名工人。
  No one can see air. 没有人能看见空气。
  3、可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。如:
  There are some oranges on the desk. 桌子上有一些桔子。
  There is a lot of water in the bottle. 瓶里有许多水。
  4、可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如:two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词+of"来表示数量。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。
  5、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:
  This picture is very beautiful. 这幅画很美。
  不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
  There are two cups of tea on the table. 桌上有两杯茶。
  6、对可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。 如:
  How many apples are there in the box?盒子里有多少个苹果?
  How much tea is there in the cup?杯里有多少茶水?
  注意:对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。 如:
  How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?盘子里有多少片面包?

1 health
n.健康;健康状况
  • Are you in good health?你的身体好吗?
  • I wish you good health and a long life.祝您健康长寿。
2 x
n.字母x,罗马数字10adj.X形的,X级的(电影等),第二十四的
  • The possible permutations of x, y and z are xyz, xzy, yxz, yzx, zxy and zyx. x、y和z的可能的组合方式为xyz、xzy、yxz、yzx、zxy和zyx。
  • The chest X-rays showed moderate enlargement of the heart. 胸部X光片显示出心脏稍有扩大。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 dish
n.盘子;一样菜,一道菜;vt.上菜
  • Did you break the whole dish?盘子被你打碎了?
  • This dish is very delicious.这道菜味道鲜美。
4 dishes
n.盘( dish的名词复数 );餐具;一盘食物;外貌有吸引力的人
  • a pile of unwashed dishes 一堆未洗的碟子
  • The dishes were many, but they were all poorly cooked. 菜很多,但烧得都不好吃。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 leaves
n.树叶,花瓣; leaf 的复数; leave 的单数第三人称现在式
  • The walk was covered with leaves.这人行道上满是树叶。
  • Will you check on the time the train leaves?请你核对一下火车开出的时间好吗?
6 wife
n.妻子,太太,老婆
  • She is my wife.她是我妻子。
  • He is a tall man but his wife is a short woman.他是个子很高的男人,但他妻子很矮。
7 wives
n.妇人;妻子( wife的名词复数 )v.娶妻( wive的第三人称单数 );嫁;与…结婚
  • Husbands are discouraged from voting as proxy for their wives. 不主张丈夫代妻子投票。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All are good lasses,but whence come the bad wives? 姑娘个个好,泼妇何处来? 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 fresh
adj.新鲜的;无经验的;淡(水)的;精神饱满的;纯洁无瑕的;生动的;adv.最近地;n.涌流
  • The air is quite fresh there.那儿的空气很清新。
  • Have you got fresh news?你有最新的消息吗?
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