时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   新托福作为国外类考试之一,写作行文的地道不仅反映了考生的写作水平,更体现了考生的思维方式和能力。托福写作不如口语那么白话文式,也不如gre类写作那么学术性强,但是这并不影响用词的表达地道。


  一、言简朴实原则
  所谓“言简朴实原则”,就是行文不啰嗦,句子应越短越好,如果一个字能说清楚的,就不要用两个字。
  例如:At this point in time,we should pull together for our goal.现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致。
  这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”,我们完全可以用now来代替。
  In the majority of cases,he likes to ride bike to the office.他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室。
  很简单的一句话,完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the office.
  平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上,而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词,比如:
  Original:Solving trivial 1 problems in the dorm will add your socialexperience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to bekind.
  Revised 2: Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich 3 your socialexperience and help you to understand other people’s feelings and learn to beconsiderate.
  add,kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。add可以指数量上的增加,也可以指程度的加强,对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思,用enrich会使表达更准确。
  kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”, 厦门托福用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样,原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点,要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
  另外,我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上。
  比如:He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。他有多年经商的经验。
  actual是多余的,因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
  We assembled(together) all the parts for our radio.我们装好收音机的零件。
  assemble本身就有together的意思,因此together是多余的。
  二、平等相处原则
  “平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼,包括男女性别,也要避免区别,以示“平等”。
  例如:Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very stressful.许多商人觉得工作压力很大。
  这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的,可以改为 business people或 businessexecutives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
  当然,一些带有种族偏见的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur),也要尽量避免使用,以免闹出麻烦。例如:
  对黑人不要用 Negro,更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以),礼貌的说法 是Afro-American或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字),正确用法是 Caucasian,或 white people;对犹太人不要用Hymies,应该叫Jewish 或 Jewishpeople;对越南人不要用 Gook,要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括Puerto Rico,正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins,不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化,倒喜欢别人称Spaniard。

adj.琐碎的,不重要的,无价值的
  • Be patient.Don't lose your temper over trivial matters.忍着点,别为了一点小事发火。
  • It's useless to fire away with such trivial details.喋喋不休地谈这些琐碎细节是无用的。
adj.经过修订(或校正)的v.修订( revise的过去式和过去分词 );改变;修正;[主英国英语]复习
  • The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This dictionary is revised from Treasures of English Words. 这本词典是根据《英语词库》修订而成的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
vt.充实,使丰富,使富裕,使富有
  • Some cream will enrich the sauce.在调味汁里加一些奶油会使其味道更加丰富。
  • Music can enrich your life.音乐能丰富你的生活。
标签: 托福写作
学英语单词
abdominal contusion
abinitio pilot
Abu Hanifa
actinomycin IV
adjacent channel rejection
aluminium air cell
antipodess
arbitral proceedings
Aspergics
at one sweep
autocrucible melting
balloon jib
bartman
be sure of
Bharata Natya
bird cherry trees
birgu (vittoriosa)
bishop wulfilas
booster magneto
bts
bustier
butthole
canine teeth
card stripping roller
cavillations
chauffeurless
co-opetition
coequaliser
competitor profiling
contour milling
cross track distance
dictamine
dressing-room
dryer-pulveriser
eddy-wind
EDIFACT
EHz
electric meat mincer
elytroptosis
everybodies
field cutter
fusiform bacilli
FX-703
gross compound steam turbine
guild-socialistic
Hall I.
head positioner
heart-of-gold
igniter chamber assembly
immunosorbent
incogitancies
inoccate
integrable system
Iranianisms
jargonauts
jetpack
jok
Joseph Alois Schumpeter
Kifula
language-based editor
leatherfish
Lensk(Mukhtuya)
limer
linear-and-angular-movement pickup
lusher
made my flight
medianum
microlenses
newspaper rotary letter press machine
on the rim of
on the wrong side of the tracks
one crop economy
ortho modification
out-street
outer shield
partly secured creditors
pea(-size) coal
positive definite form
pre-albuminuric
pretarsal operculum
pseudotyping
raised embroidery
ranen
reburyings
renal artery (or nephridial artery)
sagging
search the trenches
shoda
spark regulation
statement of selling expenses
storage card
strongly exogenous
translational control
tungstate radicle
unthreaded newsreader
vilayets
virabhadrasana
vitellus (yolk)
voluntelling
wood energy
wrote into
yerba buena