时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 在什么场合讲什么话,各个民族有不同的习惯。按语言学的说法,交际双方应遵循合作原则和礼貌原则,但是在不同的语言里这种原则的具体体现不一样。比如,中国人会客气的问“请问您贵姓?”(现在也有很多人说“请问,您怎么称呼?”)英语里没有诸如your honorable name之类的说法,要体现礼貌可以用情态动词may, 如May I have/ know your name, please? 至于“府上”、“贵公司”、“令尊”、“大作”之类,英语里统统没有,一概使用your一词;而表示自谦的“寒舍”、“敝号”、“家父”、“拙文”等也一概以my一词形容。不管是皇帝自称“朕”,还是平头百姓自称“小民”、“奴才”,还是谦称“在下”、“鄙人”、“不才”、“晚生”、“愚弟”、“老朽”、 “贫僧”,英语里只有一个I(英语中惟一一个单字母组成的词,而且永远大写,从构词上说也有一定道理)以不变应万变。汉语里的“你”字有一个尊称“您”,不知何故英语里却没有(法语有vous,德语有sie)。


  再比如说,中国商店里的营业员问顾客“您(想)买点儿什么?”很自然的,可是如果西方的营业员问What do you want to buy?会被认为很不礼貌,而说Can I help you?却是得体的。
  若干年前,某报登过一篇文章,说当时美国总统克林顿如何“没有架子,平易近人”,证据是那位作者给克林顿写了一封信,不久即收到“亲切而热情的”回信。那篇文章举证说:“信的开头称呼我‘亲爱的张先生’,而信末尾的署名是‘你真诚的克林顿’,最后亲自签名。”而实际上却是这位张先生自作多情了,原文的Dear Mr. Zhang是英文书信最常见的开头,对陌生人都是如此称呼,大概相当于“台鉴”。英语中有dear John letter一说,指的是“(女孩子给男朋友或情人的)绝情信”,这样的信仍会以Dear开头,却绝没有“亲爱的”之类的含义,John则是最常见的英语男子名。至于信中落款的Yours Sincerely和原来字面意义“真诚的”毫无关系,犹如中文的“此致敬礼”,如果有一位首长给你的信以“此致敬礼”结尾,你一定不会认为他真的向你敬礼吧?顺便提一下,美国总统每天会收到无数的信,许多信都是由专门的机构处理,以总统的名义代回的,连签名都是代劳的。

标签: 翻译
学英语单词
Act of Oblivion
after hyperpolarization potential
albar
anthracene brown
aortoptosis
apical line
apse line
arched truss
ataxinomic
aurignies
balance of payments position
barium methylate
blood-forming
borogen
bran koji
buried river
burner indicator
Buyant-Ovoo
coffea robustas
coll-prophet
common lead correction
comptes
consultant firms
contact current
convallamaroside
cover plates
crime of kidnapping for ransom
culasse
dalmatian pyrethrums
disk seeder
distention of aorta
ecstatic dance
Energia Rocket
enlarges
equality of persons
external graph
febriculose
fiberwoods
filter technique
fireship
flywheel belt pulley
for ever and a day
full-functional dependency
fuming furnace
geobiocoenosis
handshake control
heat stroke
heavy duty millinng cutter
herbaceous cutting
history data
hurriquake
Institutional School
intensive parameters
involucral
IP CV (intermediate pressure control valve)
jacquard upholstery brocade
jhonny
lambrecht's polymeter
lifepak
light-weight warning radar station
Lwentobo
mariettans
material procurement
membrane oxygenator
misconnecting
Mona.
nawas
non-catalytic
noncarriers
nonevangelical
OM (operating memory)
once command
over-cultivations
p-sulfanilylbenzylamine
pa'anga
pantonight
part brass rags with
partial loss of goods
permanent change of station
pitch of beat
power fuel consumption meter
prenyls
pulse-stretching circuit
salafist
Sarcodon violascens
Seleucus
self-services
soul-binding
sphero phorus necrophorus
split cotter
taft joint
tandem formation
tetraisoamoxy-silicane
theory of flexure
tin(iv) triiodide monochloride
Turgeau
two-minute hate
uncip
unm unmarried
ware clay
weenies
Weiss coupling