时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:英语笔译


英语课

 在什么场合讲什么话,各个民族有不同的习惯。按语言学的说法,交际双方应遵循合作原则和礼貌原则,但是在不同的语言里这种原则的具体体现不一样。比如,中国人会客气的问“请问您贵姓?”(现在也有很多人说“请问,您怎么称呼?”)英语里没有诸如your honorable name之类的说法,要体现礼貌可以用情态动词may, 如May I have/ know your name, please? 至于“府上”、“贵公司”、“令尊”、“大作”之类,英语里统统没有,一概使用your一词;而表示自谦的“寒舍”、“敝号”、“家父”、“拙文”等也一概以my一词形容。不管是皇帝自称“朕”,还是平头百姓自称“小民”、“奴才”,还是谦称“在下”、“鄙人”、“不才”、“晚生”、“愚弟”、“老朽”、 “贫僧”,英语里只有一个I(英语中惟一一个单字母组成的词,而且永远大写,从构词上说也有一定道理)以不变应万变。汉语里的“你”字有一个尊称“您”,不知何故英语里却没有(法语有vous,德语有sie)。


  再比如说,中国商店里的营业员问顾客“您(想)买点儿什么?”很自然的,可是如果西方的营业员问What do you want to buy?会被认为很不礼貌,而说Can I help you?却是得体的。
  若干年前,某报登过一篇文章,说当时美国总统克林顿如何“没有架子,平易近人”,证据是那位作者给克林顿写了一封信,不久即收到“亲切而热情的”回信。那篇文章举证说:“信的开头称呼我‘亲爱的张先生’,而信末尾的署名是‘你真诚的克林顿’,最后亲自签名。”而实际上却是这位张先生自作多情了,原文的Dear Mr. Zhang是英文书信最常见的开头,对陌生人都是如此称呼,大概相当于“台鉴”。英语中有dear John letter一说,指的是“(女孩子给男朋友或情人的)绝情信”,这样的信仍会以Dear开头,却绝没有“亲爱的”之类的含义,John则是最常见的英语男子名。至于信中落款的Yours Sincerely和原来字面意义“真诚的”毫无关系,犹如中文的“此致敬礼”,如果有一位首长给你的信以“此致敬礼”结尾,你一定不会认为他真的向你敬礼吧?顺便提一下,美国总统每天会收到无数的信,许多信都是由专门的机构处理,以总统的名义代回的,连签名都是代劳的。

标签: 翻译
学英语单词
4tw
accounting rule
agricolation
agu (american geophysical union)
airentrained
alphanumeric user identification code
Alrance
amodrine
argilloferruginous
bar folds
batatic acid
benzofluorene
break-even point.
Canton love-pea vine
Car Nicobar I.
cardinalitial
ceroxylons
chemcons
cinchamidine
commentations
compositional heterogeneity
constitutional vacancy
consumer transaction
crust freezing
cyberauctions
Cyclobarbitone
design hourly volume
dryopithecids
electric wire
erodibilities
extraordinary reserve
filter transmission band
fisheries area
flat-wagon
gibbsitogelite (diasporogelite)
gladly
ground impedance
helling adjuster
helper T-cell
high-frequency millivolt meter
human relation model
human talent research program
Ida Grove
index numbers of industrial production
instal(l)
installment accounting
instinctualization
ithaka
japanese iriss
knee joint
Köln-Bonn, Flughafen
light rubber cot
lissamine
Lotagipi Swamp (Lotikipi Plain)
lysek
Makup, Bukit
management and staff
Marangoni number
medium ultraviolet
mesoenteriolum
Montrond
multilayer dielectric filter
net income per share
nonspecific resistance
overlength
Paget's cells
placing intensity
plasma pyrolysis
postholder
power of administration
public accounting firms
qadry
Razan
re-welding
reenkindled
ribbonbearers
rising up
sandplovers
Separation Pt.
shock-wave ionization
Skene's catheter
snowcover
snowflake cataract
spaghetti with meat sauce
steam treatment of soil
struvite stones
sulloways
swampier
system privilege class
tapered sheet
teatres
the East End
the men's
to the last drop of one's blood
triangular laser
turkle
u-tube reheater section
under-absorbed overhead
united farm workers
weighted equation
what's her face
wide-ringed timber