时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:医学英语


英语课

   不良反应这一项中包括药物的副作用、症状及体征、毒性作用及耐受力、过敏反应、停药等。现分述如下:


  1.“不良反应”的常用的英语表示法有:
  Adverse 1 Reaction(s)不良反应 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反应
  2.“副作用”的常用的英语表示法有:
  Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用
  Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用
  3.常见的霉副反应的症状及体征的词语很多,但记住下列词语很有必要:
  allergic 2 (hypersensitive,anaphylactic)reaction(s) 过敏反应
  allergy(hypersensitivity) 过敏 dizzziness 眩晕
  gastrointestinal tract 3 胃肠道 fever 发热
  local reaction(s) 局部反应 flush 潮红
  skin reaction(s)皮肤反应 headache 头痛
  symptom(s)症状 nausea 4 恶心
  systematic 5 全身的 pruritus 瘙痒
  anorexia 6 厌食 rash 皮疹
  blood count 白细胞计数 spasm 7 痉挛
  blood pressure 血压 thirst 口渴
  coma 8 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
  diarrhea 腹泻 vomiting 9 呕吐
  4.“霉性”、“耐受性”的英语表示法:
  toxicity 10 毒性
  tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力,耐药性
  tolerate(toleration) 耐受
  5.“停药”的英语表示法举例:
  abandon 停药
  discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) 停药,中断(治疗)
  cease(cessation)(stop)停药(停止治疗)
  don't use 勿使用(停药)
  suspend 停药
  terminate 停止,结束
  withdraw(be withdrawn,withdrawal)停药
  6.其他一些常见的基本词汇及短语:
  acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制
  chronic 11 慢性的 diminish(reduce,reduction)减少
  common 常见的 disappear 消失
  irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到,见到
  mild 轻微的 give rise to 产生
  normal 正常的 include 包括
  rare(ly)罕见的(地) lead to 导致
  reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明,显示
  severe 严重的 observe(be observed)(被)观察到
  temporary 暂时的 produce 产生
  transient 一过性的,短暂的 react to 对……反应
  appear(develop,happen,occur)出现(产生)
  result from 由……引起 be reported (被)报道
  result in 导致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起
  treat(treatment) 治疗
  special care(caution)should be exercised 特别小心(注意)
  例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
  环丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常报道的副作用有:恶心、腹泻、呕吐、消化不良、腹痛、头痛、不安、皮疹、头晕及瘙痒。
  例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
  施乐凯的副作用根罕见,因为任何过量的钾都迅速由尿排出。
  例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous 12 reactions) are only observed in isolated 13 cases.
  用推荐剂量治疗时,仅见个别的静脉刺激或过敏反应(皮肤及粘膜反应)病例。
  例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone 14 is discontinued.
  当不良反应发生时,它们往往是可逆的,停用激素后副作用即消失。
  例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow 15. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
  最严重的副作用是骨髓损害,因此在治疗期间,要经常监测白细胞计数。
  例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
  这些副作用通常在7-14日之后,或者暂时降低剂量便自行消失。
  例7 With high dosage continuous infusion 16 (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
  大剂量连续输注超过 5~7日(超过 200mg/m2/日),胃肠道并发症更为明显,偶尔可导致肠梗阻。停药后副作用皆可逆转。
  例 8 In some patients nausea, dizziness,and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated 17. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
  服用本品的头几天,有些病人可能会出现恶心、头晕和呕吐,但不必停药。偶有血压下降的病例,为此,在治疗开始前建议对门诊患者检测血压。若副作用持续不消失,应减少服用剂量。
  例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor 18 adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
  较重的不良反应(远不及轻度不良反应常见)包括抑制骨髓细胞生成,药物热及肝炎。
  例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
  副作用:多数病例出现食欲减退、恶心,有时呕吐。这些症状通常发生在治疗的最初几天,以后逐渐消失。

adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
adj.过敏的,变态的
  • Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
  • Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏,比如花粉。
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
  • He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
n.作呕,恶心;极端的憎恶(或厌恶)
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
  • He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。
adj.有系统的,有计划的,有方法的
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
n.厌食症
  • Anorexia can creep up on young girls when they least expect it.年轻女子可能在最没有防备的情況下患上厌食症。
  • Anorexia is a common eating disorder.厌食是一种常见的饮食紊乱症。
n.痉挛,抽搐;一阵发作
  • When the spasm passed,it left him weak and sweating.一阵痉挛之后,他虚弱无力,一直冒汗。
  • He kicked the chair in a spasm of impatience.他突然变得不耐烦,一脚踢向椅子。
n.昏迷,昏迷状态
  • The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
  • She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。
  • Symptoms include diarrhoea and vomiting. 症状有腹泻和呕吐。
  • Especially when I feel seasick, I can't stand watching someone else vomiting." 尤其晕船的时候,看不得人家呕。”
n.毒性,毒力
  • The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
  • Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关,对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
adj. 黏液的,似黏液的
  • Healthy,skin,mucous membranes,and cilia are natural barriers to many viruses.健康的皮肤,粘膜和纤毛是许多病毒的天然屏障。
  • Seromucous glands contain both mucous and serous cells.浆粘液腺既含有粘液性细胞,又含有浆液性细胞。
adj.与世隔绝的
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
n.骨髓;精华;活力
  • It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了,他感到寒冷刺骨。
  • He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。
n.灌输
  • Old families need an infusion of new blood from time to time.古老的家族需要不时地注入新鲜血液。
  • Careful observation of the infusion site is necessary.必须仔细观察输液部位。
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
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