时间:2019-01-08 作者:英语课 分类:医学英语


英语课

   有些说明书较详细地介绍药品的药理作用(Pharmacological Actions)。其内容主要包括药理作用、临床药理(Clinical Parmacology)、体外试验(in vitro experiments)、药物代谢(Metabolism 1)、药效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity 2)等。这一项常用的标题是:


  Pharmacological Action 药理作用
  Pharmacological Properties 药理性质
  Pharmacology 药理学
  Clinical Pharmacology 临床药理
  其他的表示方法还有:
  Actions 作用
  Actions and Properties 作用与性质
  Clinical Effect (Use) 临床效果(用途)
  Mechanism 3 of Action 作用机理
  Mode of Action 作用方式
  如果药品的一种抗生素,可能出现:
  Biological Action 生物活性
  Microbiology 微生物学
  此外,还有一此其他的表示方法,这里不一一列举。
  这一项目中涉及的词汇范围包括药理学、生理学、化学、毒理学、微生物学及医学等学科,专业词汇多,是较难阅读的一部分内容,阅读时可参阅《英汉医学词汇》、《英汉微生物学词汇》及《英汉化学化工词汇》等工具书。另外,还会遇到许多缩写词,如:CNS(中枢神经系统)、EEG(脑电图)、LD50(半数致死剂量)、ECG(心电图)等,这些缩写词可在英汉医学缩略语词典中查到。
  一、常见句型举例
  例1. Mean peek 4 serum 5 concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.
  肌注后约30~50分钟之间妥布毒素的平均血药浓度达到高峰。
  例2. Nembutal Sodium 6 exerts a depressant action on the CNS and shares the sedative-hypnotic actions typical of the barbiturates.
  戊巴比妥钠对中枢神经系统产生抑制作用,并显示戊巴比妥类特有的镇静催眠作用。
  例3. In clinical trials the drug was shown to be highly effectinve in improving and normalizing the alterated cerebral 7 circulation and those disorders 8 related to insufficient 9 arterial flow in the limbs.
  临床试验证实,本品疗效高,可改善已改变了的脑循环,使之恢复正常,治疗与四肢动脉血流不畅有关的疾病。
  例4. Orbenin is stable to staphylococcal penicillinase, and highly effective against resistant 10 staphylococci.It is bactericidal, acid-stable and well absorbed by either the oral or the intramuscular route.
  全霉林对葡萄球菌的青霉素酶稳定,对耐药葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具杀菌、耐酸作用,且口服或肌注吸收良好。
  例5. Nystain has been found to inhibit 11 the growth of yeast 12 like flora 13 in the intestinal 14 tract 15.
  已查明制霉菌素在肠道内可抑制菌丛类酵母菌的生长。
  例6. Fenarol has proved to be effective as a striated 16 muscle relaxant.
  已证明芬那露是疗效很好的横纹肌松施药。
  例7. Halcion is a potent 17 short-acting hypnotic agent, which produces its hypnotic activity from the first night of administration.
  好而睡是一种强力速效催眠药,它从服药后的第一个夜晚开始产生催眠作用。
  例8. Therapeutically 18, ATP injection exhibits effects, especially such as activation 19 of the function and metabolism of the nerve, and also coronary and peripheral 20 vasodilation to increase the blood stream.
  从治疗上看,三磷酸腺苷注射剂显示了非常好的效果,特别是在活化神经的功能及代谢,以及舒张冠状与外周血管以增加血流方面更是如此。
  二、常用词及短语举例
  1、动词
  absorb 吸收
  act 作用
  cause (be cause by) 引起(由……引起)
  demonstrate 显示
  exert (action on) 起……作用
  exhibit 显示
  inhibit 抑制
  accumulate 积蓄
  administrate 投药
  excrete 排泄
  result in 导致 indicate 表明
  maintain 维持
  produce 产生
  protect (from) 保护(不变)
  reach 达到
  show 显示,表明
  treat 治疗
  metabolize 代谢
  promote 促进
  prevent 阻止,预防
  tolerate 耐受
  2、形容词
  (be) active (effective) against 对…有效的
  (be) related to 与……有关的
  (be) sensitive to 对……敏感的
  resistant to ……有耐药性的 average 平均的
  minimum 最低(小)的
  maximum 最高(大)的
  normal 正常的
  3、名词
  ability 能力
  activity 活性
  distribution 分布
  excretion 排泄
  action 作用
  clearance 21 廓清率
  effect on 对…的作用
  function 功能,作用
  half life 半衰期
  in vitro 体外 kidney 肾
  mechanism 机理
  serum concentration 血清浓度
  tolerance 22 耐受性
  infection 感染
  in vivo 体内
  level 水平,浓度
  plasm lever 血浆浓度(水平)
  toxicity 毒性
  以上仅举部分例词,此外还有许多专业词汇和基础词汇请参阅有关资料。

n.新陈代谢
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
n.毒性,毒力
  • The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
  • Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关,对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。
n.机械装置;机构,结构
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
vi.偷看,窥视;n.偷偷的一看,一瞥
  • Larry takes a peek out of the window.赖瑞往窗外偷看了一下。
  • Cover your eyes and don't peek.捂上眼睛,别偷看。
n.浆液,血清,乳浆
  • The serum is available to the general public.一般公众均可获得血清。
  • Untreated serum contains a set of 11 proteins called complement.未经处理的血清含有一组蛋白质,共11种,称为补体。
n.(化)钠
  • Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面,全城的钠光灯都亮了。
  • Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。
adj.脑的,大脑的;有智力的,理智型的
  • Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
  • He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人,措辞谨慎。
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
  • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代,科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
adj.(to)抵抗的,有抵抗力的
  • Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
  • They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。
vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制
  • Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
  • They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。
n.酵母;酵母片;泡沫;v.发酵;起泡沫
  • Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
  • The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。
n.(某一地区的)植物群
  • The subtropical island has a remarkably rich native flora.这个亚热带岛屿有相当丰富的乡土植物种类。
  • All flora need water and light.一切草木都需要水和阳光。
adj.肠的;肠壁;肠道细菌
  • A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
  • This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
  • He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
adj.有纵线,条纹的
  • The striated and polished surfaces are called slicken-sides.有条痕的磨光面则称为擦痕面。
  • There are striated engravings on this wall.这面墙上有着条纹状的雕饰。
adj.强有力的,有权势的;有效力的
  • The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。
  • We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。
[医]adv.在治疗上
  • A lead compound will have some property considered therapeutically useful. 一种先导化合物应具有治疗作用的特性。 来自互联网
  • Drugs causing fibrinolysis have been utilized therapeutically. 纤维蛋白溶解药物已被用于临床治疗。 来自互联网
n. 激活,催化作用
  • A computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。
adj.周边的,外围的
  • We dealt with the peripheral aspects of a cost reduction program.我们谈到了降低成本计划的一些外围问题。
  • The hotel provides the clerk the service and the peripheral traveling consultation.旅舍提供票务服务和周边旅游咨询。
n.净空;许可(证);清算;清除,清理
  • There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
  • The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。
n.宽容;容忍,忍受;耐药力;公差
  • Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
  • Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。
标签: 药品说明书
学英语单词
ac inert-arc welder
aerosiderites
artcher
bank rate
barrier material
be in a bad mood
bibromide
bubble eccentricity
bucket trenching machine
Butiru
Carlingford
character fragging
clunchion
co-efficient of contraction
commonplaces
communication network control program
computer clock
cone type loud-speaker
congenital entropion
Cordaitaceae
crystal interface
depth electroencephalography
Difuradin
don't you know
dual processor
durchkomponi(e)rt
egg type chicken
egtism
environmental risk analysis
Epilobium cylindricum
fin type heat exchanger
footers
funingenoside
genus kalotermess
gospelphiles
guildfordia yoka
Hammadiye
heatproofed
hmgb
hurry-up fall
hydrogen controlled covering
impactionization avalanche
Innoshima
interclutch
interest on debenture
international sewage pollution prevention (ispp) certificate
joint overseas switchboard
kilka
kramm
linear disjointure
Los Vilos
lux ham
Maritime-Custom
micro-driving motor
middleaged
monocontamination
moving blade loss
Nernst
Nodi lymphatici inguinales superficiales inferiores
operation of intracranial tumor
peloponeses
pemphigus foliaceus
pendulum action spreader
penguin suits
philatelies
photoelectric solid-state device
predictive modeling
preextraction
Prof'l
pseudoinverses
puckster
quantity of heat production
railway operation
raise capital
resistance of ballast to transverse displacement of track
retenequinone
ring mulching
rosa henryi boulenger
ruling gradient
sedulous
septal lamella
sex offense
Silzbach
sky-sign
sociates
spray type recovery furnace
standard radius
sum-of-the-year-digits
sutchuensis
swim briefs
Syllact
tailwaters
the covers
tissue storage by deep freezing
uloid cicatrix
ultra-feminine
unexceptionable
Urkan
Vena marginalis lateralis
wing margin
wry nose
zampieris