时间:2019-01-06 作者:英语课 分类:美国习惯用语


英语课

今天我们要讲的两个习惯用语都是以一个极其普通的英文字为主的。这个英文字就是:Bread. Bread就是面包,面包是美国人和欧洲人的基本食品,就像亚洲国家许多人每天吃米饭一样。面包对西方人来说是非常重要的。在有些俗语或谚语当中,bread这个字被用来代表钱。那就是money。这就可以说明bread的重要性了。我们今天要讲的第一个常用语就是一例。Breadwinner. Breadwinner实际上是由两个字合起来的,大家都已经知道breadwinner这个字的前半部份bread。Breadwinner的后半部份是winner。To win就是:赢得,获得或获胜。Winner就是获得某样东西的人,或者是获胜者。Breadwinner从字面上来理解,它的意思就是:赢得面包的人。从某种程度上来讲,这话也不错。但是,实际上,breadwinner作为俗语,它就应该解释为:家里主要挣钱的人,也就是养家糊口的人。以往,breadwinner一般都是家庭里面的男人来承担,但是,现在情况已经有了变化,越来越多的妇女参加了劳动大军。下面就是一个具体的例子。


例句1: My sister Mary works two different jobs, you know. Ever since her husband was paralyzed in an auto 1 accident, she's been the only breadwinner in the family, and it certainly keeps her busy.


这句话的意思是:你可知道,我的姐姐(或妹妹)玛丽一个人干两份工作。自从她丈夫出了汽车事故瘫痪以来,她就成了家里唯一挣钱养家的人了。这确实把她弄得非常忙碌。


你要是看四十年代或者五十年代的老电影的话,你就可以看到,那个时候很多结了婚的妇女都不工作,在家当家庭妇女,特别是有了孩子的人。可是,现在已经很不相同了。可以说,大多数妇女都工作,因为现在单纯依靠丈夫的收入往往不够开支。所以,很多妇女也成为家庭的 breadwinner之一了。


******


承担养家活口这个责任的人才知道这付担子的份量。下面是一个父亲在教训儿子。


例句2: Paul, you've already spent so much this summer on your travel, and now you want to buy a new car. Your mother and I work very hard to maintain this family, you'll know how important money is when you become a breadwinner yourself.


这个父亲说:保尔,你这个暑假已经花了好多钱去旅行,现在你又要买一辆新车。我跟你母亲为了维持这个家庭都非常辛苦地工作。等你要养家活口的时候,你就知道钱的重要了。


******


对西方人来说,面包跟黄油似乎是不可分开的。他们吃面包的时候往往在面包的一面涂上黄油。我们今天要讲的第二个习惯用语就来自西方人的这个习惯。To know which side one's bread is buttered on. Butter就是黄油。在这个俗语里,butter是用做动词,后面还加上ed。To know which side one's bread is buttered on从字面来解释,它的意思就是:一个人要知道他的面包是哪一面上了黄油的。这当然是指上了黄油的那一边味道更好。作为俗语,它的意思就是:一个人在某种情况下很明白什么人会对他有好处,怎么做才对自己有利。下面是一个人在讲他那非常会拍马屁的同事。


例句3: Fred sure knows which side his bread is buttered on. After the old boss retired 2, Fred's been chasing after the new boss exactly the same way.


这个人说:弗雷德可真明白谁对自己有用,因此尽量地讨好老板。自从他以前的老板退休以后,他就跟以前一摸一样地去拍新老板的马屁。


******


可是,不见得每个人都会这样做。下面就是一个人在说他的朋友。


例句4: Jeff is a very honest person. He knows very well which side his bread is buttered on, but when the company treasurer 3 pressured him to take part in his scheme, he not only refused, but reported to the board of directors.


这个人说:杰夫是一个很诚实的人。他非常明白谁对他有好处。但是当公司负责财务的人迫使他参与他的阴谋的时候,他不但拒绝了,而且还向董事会报告了。



n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车
  • Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
  • The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。
adj.隐退的,退休的,退役的
  • The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
  • Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。
n.司库,财务主管
  • Mr. Smith was succeeded by Mrs.Jones as treasurer.琼斯夫人继史密斯先生任会计。
  • The treasurer was arrested for trying to manipulate the company's financial records.财务主管由于试图窜改公司财政帐目而被拘留。
学英语单词
Alfred Krupp
aluminium soldering
binocular indirect ophthalmoscope
boron selenide
Carrowmore, Lough
cenco
Chimani-Moos butter
combinatus
coolinf pipe
corn distillery
critical damper
cum shots
damping slipper
DSO
eluls
Festuca fascinata
FHBL
first category gassy mine
free air temperature gauge
gas utilization unit
genus Mammea
genus Megachile
get out of jail free card
gumbo-limbo
gyromagnetic resonance parameter
Haapaselkä
hereditary polymorphism
hermetically sealed switchbox
hexachloroacetone
HMRB
horrider
ice-hook
inclination of the horizontal axis
ineffability
inherent aptitudes
introsensible
kaceene
launching direction
local splice loss detection
loden
lopobutan
lozenge-shaped
Lusatians
maholic
mammary glands
marcha
Minor Metals
mixed type acid-base disturbance
moldy
monochlamys
moulding scraper
moving stay
mule armadillo
Network Query Language
noodles soup with sea food
Oriental darter
partner with
pathological nystagmus
plain die
Plain English Campaign
playback loudspeaker
Pluteus aurantiorugosus
polytetramethylene oxide
preglacial period
probit test
pulse position modulation code
recurarization
reglucosylate
remates
Resolution L.
RFIC
sale or transfer clause
salt-water cooling
saturnious
self-propelled covered lighter
semi-local
semifusinoid group
service fuel tank
setscrew
shamuses
single holographic grating
Sireno
slayers
station technical working diagram
stencil duplicator
stock-in-trade
successive forest inventory
sulfate wrapper
sylhet
tablet pattern
theory of eisler (or eisler theory)
thrust unit
thunder sheet
tidbits
twin-tee filter
undamage
under-seat
under-voltage noclose release
vena cavas
weicheng
whitterick
zehme