时间:2018-12-01 作者:英语课 分类:最新15篇文章贯通英语六级词汇


英语课

[00:00.00]UNIT14

[00:14.75]Dr. Sun Yat-sen: Father of the Chinese Revolution

[00:20.77]Dr. Sun Yat-sen held official political office

[00:26.02]for a total of only a few months in China,

[00:28.97]yet he had an impact so profound

[00:32.15]that it earned him the designation

[00:34.88]of Father of the Chinese Revolution.

[00:38.16]He was a man

[00:40.31]who is still much revered 1 in China.

[00:42.72]His portrait can be seen in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.

[00:47.97]Sun was born in 1866 in Guangdong Province.

[00:54.43]His ancestors were clans 2

[00:57.71]of farmers and shepherds.

[00:59.35]During his adolescent years,

[01:02.08]he attended school in Honolulu and Hong Kong.

[01:06.14]In the latter city,

[01:08.76]he studied medicine, receiving an “A”

[01:12.04]in every subject in the program,

[01:14.99]an unprecedented 3 feat 4 at Hong Kong Medical College

[01:19.16](later, the University of Hong Kong).

[01:22.33]While in Hong Kong,

[01:24.29]Sun undertook conversion 5 to Roman Catholicism.

[01:29.00]Early in life, Sun developed contempt

[01:33.70]for the corruption 6 of the Qing (Manchu) Dynasty.

[01:37.86]He was also vocal 7

[01:40.27]in denouncing foreign intrusions

[01:42.34]and aggression 8 against China

[01:44.53]during the 19th century.

[01:46.94]The opium 9 war of 1839 to 1842

[01:53.07]was a major testimony 10 to China's inability

[01:56.90]to defend itself against outside aggression.

[02:00.40]By this period,

[02:03.14]Britain had developed a strong monopoly

[02:05.98]in the trade of many goods,

[02:08.06]including tea, salt, opium,

[02:11.56]and other commodities.

[02:13.42]This monopoly was exercised mostly

[02:17.69]through the British East India Company.

[02:20.21]Britain had been importing much from China,

[02:24.48]but was exporting little.

[02:26.77]This resulted in a yearly balance

[02:30.27]of payments deficit 11 with China.

[02:32.68]To correct this imbalance in trade,

[02:36.29]and the fact that opium was a highly addictive 12 drug,

[02:40.54]the arrogant 13 British forced

[02:42.94]the export of opium on China,

[02:45.03]even though opium was declared illegal

[02:48.64]by the latter. China's attempt

[02:52.35]to resist these aggressive trade practices

[02:55.09]precipitated the bloody 14 Opium War of 1839 to 1842.

[03:02.31]Thousands were massacred

[03:04.93]as China lost miserably 15 against superior forces.

[03:09.20]The Treaty of Nanking in 1842

[03:14.35]dictated that China pay huge compensation

[03:17.95]to Britain and it forced China

[03:20.00]to open five of its ports to British trade.

[03:23.72]Britain also demanded and received immunity 16

[03:28.21]from Chinese laws,

[03:29.95]therefore gaining British sovereignty

[03:32.80]over small parts of a foreign land.

[03:35.21]Hong Kong was ceded 17 to Britain as well.

[03:38.92]The Chinese endured repression 18

[03:41.85]and humiliation 19 for many decades.

[03:45.02]In 1896, the United States,

[03:50.06]relative newcomers to the club

[03:52.24]of world imperialists,

[03:53.77]declared an Open Door policy

[03:55.96]for trading with China.

[03:57.71] No foreign country was to have a monopoly

[04:02.20]of trade with China.

[04:03.83]During the 19th century,

[04:06.35]many foreign countries successfully

[04:09.42]carved out pieces of China for themselves.

[04:12.59]Geographically, by 1911,

[04:17.07]China was a significantly smaller country

[04:19.92]than it was in 1800.

[04:22.55]In the middle of the 19th century,

[04:26.92]China was also going through

[04:29.44]some very grim times, economically.

[04:32.50]There were famines, floods, and droughts.

[04:36.87]There was much suffering and deprivation 20,

[04:40.27]especially in the southern areas of China.

[04:43.55]The Qing dynasty did very little

[04:47.05]to relieve the people of their plight 21.

[04:49.90]These conditions, along with

[04:52.96]the humiliating concessions 22 being forced

[04:55.91]on them by foreign powers,

[04:57.77]culminated in a mass of violent eruptions 23

[05:01.27]and disturbances 24 against the Qing Dynasty,

[05:04.45]which became known as

[05:06.41]the Taiping Rebellion from 1851 to 1864.

[05:12.32]The Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion,

[05:17.02]and later, in 1900,

[05:18.78]the Boxer 25 Rebellion,

[05:20.42]were constant reminders 26 of government corruption

[05:23.38]and China's weakness against foreign intrusion

[05:27.42]and manipulation.

[05:28.73]With these tragic 27 misfortunes

[05:31.58]in recent modern Chinese history on his mind,

[05:34.64]Sun came to the conclusion that

[05:37.92]the only way that China could truly

[05:40.22]become a strong unified 28 country once again,

[05:43.28]was by full?scale revolution.

[05:46.78]This should begin

[05:49.19]with capturing the Qing throne,

[05:51.38]terminating millennia 29 of imperial rule in China.

[05:55.10]He also realized that

[05:58.75]a more militant 30 approach was needed

[06:01.06]if he was going to achieve his goals.

[06:03.90]Blundering in the first attempt

[06:08.27]to overthrow 31 the Manchus in 1895,

[06:11.67]Sun fled from China and embarked 32 upon

[06:15.72]an unexpected 16 years of world travel

[06:20.97]and refection.

[06:24.25]This period proved instrumental

[06:28.19]in Sun's development of revolutionary strategy and theory.

[06:28.50]He enrolled 33 support from Chinese people

[06:31.57]living in other countries.

[06:33.20]He visited Hawaii, the United States,

[06:36.71]Britain, and Japan.

[06:39.22]He elicited 34 help wherever he could.

[06:42.73]He read some of works of Karl Marx

[06:46.01]and those of Henry George.

[06:48.09]George was an American economist 35

[06:52.57]and social philosopher

[06:54.10]who saw the injustice 36 of land policy

[06:56.73]during the building of railroads

[06:58.81]into the American west in the second half

[07:01.65]of the 19th century.

[07:03.51]George observed that

[07:06.13]most people who moved west

[07:08.00]remained poor or got poorer,

[07:10.19]while the relatively 37 few land developers

[07:13.36]got richer and richer.

[07:15.22]The advertisement

[07:20.68]“Go west young man and prosper 38” meant,

[07:24.96]in reality, that only a very few would prosper.

[07:28.24]George suggested, without success,

[07:31.41]that a heavy land tax be levied 39

[07:33.38]to tap some of this wealth

[07:36.55]in order to develop a solid infrastructure 40

[07:38.52]from which all people in the west,

[07:38.44]not just the rich, could benefit.

[07:41.07]Sun also had the opportunity

[07:44.35]to study republican forms of government

[07:46.86]such as that of the United States.

[07:49.82]He became even more convinced that

[07:53.32]China had to break away from

[07:55.73]the millennia?old imperial government system,

[07:58.57]concluding that a republican system

[08:00.87]was the answer for China.

[08:03.17]He was impressed with Montesquieu's principle

[08:06.67]of the separation of government powers.

[08:09.30]This theory stated that

[08:12.14]the three branches of government,

[08:13.78]the executive, legislative 41, and judicial 42,

[08:17.28]function separately.

[08:19.14]He saw this in practice,

[08:21.11]particularly in the United States.

[08:23.63]He later concluded that for China,

[08:26.47]two additional separated powers,

[08:29.32]examination and censorial 43 would be necessary.

 



1 revered
v.崇敬,尊崇,敬畏( revere的过去式和过去分词 )
  • A number of institutions revered and respected in earlier times have become Aunt Sally for the present generation. 一些早年受到尊崇的惯例,现在已经成了这代人嘲弄的对象了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven. 中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。 来自辞典例句
2 clans
宗族( clan的名词复数 ); 氏族; 庞大的家族; 宗派
  • There are many clans in European countries. 欧洲国家有很多党派。
  • The women were the great power among the clans [gentes], as everywhere else. 妇女在克兰〈氏族〉里,乃至一般在任何地方,都有很大的势力。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
3 unprecedented
adj.无前例的,新奇的
  • The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
  • A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。
4 feat
n.功绩;武艺,技艺;adj.灵巧的,漂亮的,合适的
  • Man's first landing on the moon was a feat of great daring.人类首次登月是一个勇敢的壮举。
  • He received a medal for his heroic feat.他因其英雄业绩而获得一枚勋章。
5 conversion
n.转化,转换,转变
  • He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
  • Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。
6 corruption
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
  • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
  • The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
7 vocal
adj.直言不讳的;嗓音的;n.[pl.]声乐节目
  • The tongue is a vocal organ.舌头是一个发音器官。
  • Public opinion at last became vocal.终于舆论哗然。
8 aggression
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
9 opium
n.鸦片;adj.鸦片的
  • That man gave her a dose of opium.那男人给了她一剂鸦片。
  • Opium is classed under the head of narcotic.鸦片是归入麻醉剂一类的东西。
10 testimony
n.证词;见证,证明
  • The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
  • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
11 deficit
n.亏空,亏损;赤字,逆差
  • The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
  • We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。
12 addictive
adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的,成为习惯的
  • The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
  • Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。
13 arrogant
adj.傲慢的,自大的
  • You've got to get rid of your arrogant ways.你这骄傲劲儿得好好改改。
  • People are waking up that he is arrogant.人们开始认识到他很傲慢。
14 bloody
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
15 miserably
adv.痛苦地;悲惨地;糟糕地;极度地
  • The little girl was wailing miserably. 那小女孩难过得号啕大哭。
  • It was drizzling, and miserably cold and damp. 外面下着毛毛细雨,天气又冷又湿,令人难受。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 immunity
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
  • The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
17 ceded
v.让给,割让,放弃( cede的过去式 )
  • Cuba was ceded by Spain to the US in 1898. 古巴在1898年被西班牙割让给美国。
  • A third of the territory was ceded to France. 领土的三分之一割让给了法国。 来自《简明英汉词典》
18 repression
n.镇压,抑制,抑压
  • The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
  • This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。
19 humiliation
n.羞辱
  • He suffered the humiliation of being forced to ask for his cards.他蒙受了被迫要求辞职的羞辱。
  • He will wish to revenge his humiliation in last Season's Final.他会为在上个季度的决赛中所受的耻辱而报复的。
20 deprivation
n.匮乏;丧失;夺去,贫困
  • Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
  • Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。
21 plight
n.困境,境况,誓约,艰难;vt.宣誓,保证,约定
  • The leader was much concerned over the plight of the refugees.那位领袖对难民的困境很担忧。
  • She was in a most helpless plight.她真不知如何是好。
22 concessions
n.(尤指由政府或雇主给予的)特许权( concession的名词复数 );承认;减价;(在某地的)特许经营权
  • The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工,公司将不得不作出一些让步。
  • The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。
23 eruptions
n.喷发,爆发( eruption的名词复数 )
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句
24 disturbances
n.骚乱( disturbance的名词复数 );打扰;困扰;障碍
  • The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison. 政府成立了一个委员会来调查监狱骚乱事件。
  • Extra police were called in to quell the disturbances. 已调集了增援警力来平定骚乱。
25 boxer
n.制箱者,拳击手
  • The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。
  • He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。
26 reminders
n.令人回忆起…的东西( reminder的名词复数 );提醒…的东西;(告知该做某事的)通知单;提示信
  • The film evokes chilling reminders of the war. 这部电影使人们回忆起战争的可怕场景。
  • The strike has delayed the mailing of tax reminders. 罢工耽搁了催税单的投寄。
27 tragic
adj.悲剧的,悲剧性的,悲惨的
  • The effect of the pollution on the beaches is absolutely tragic.污染海滩后果可悲。
  • Charles was a man doomed to tragic issues.查理是个注定不得善终的人。
28 unified
(unify 的过去式和过去分词); 统一的; 统一标准的; 一元化的
  • The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
  • The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。
29 millennia
n.一千年,千禧年
  • For two millennia, exogamy was a major transgression for Jews. 两千年来,异族通婚一直是犹太人的一大禁忌。
  • In the course of millennia, the dinosaurs died out. 在几千年的时间里,恐龙逐渐死绝了。
30 militant
adj.激进的,好斗的;n.激进分子,斗士
  • Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
  • He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。
31 overthrow
v.推翻,打倒,颠覆;n.推翻,瓦解,颠覆
  • After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后,这个国家处于混乱中。
  • The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。
32 embarked
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
  • We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
  • She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
33 enrolled
adj.入学登记了的v.[亦作enrol]( enroll的过去式和过去分词 );登记,招收,使入伍(或入会、入学等),参加,成为成员;记入名册;卷起,包起
  • They have been studying hard from the moment they enrolled. 从入学时起,他们就一直努力学习。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He enrolled with an employment agency for a teaching position. 他在职业介绍所登了记以谋求一个教师的职位。 来自《简明英汉词典》
34 elicited
引出,探出( elicit的过去式和过去分词 )
  • Threats to reinstate the tax elicited jeer from the Opposition. 恢复此项征税的威胁引起了反对党的嘲笑。
  • The comedian's joke elicited applause and laughter from the audience. 那位滑稽演员的笑话博得观众的掌声和笑声。
35 economist
n.经济学家,经济专家,节俭的人
  • He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
  • He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家,自以为什么都懂。
36 injustice
n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利
  • They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
  • All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。
37 relatively
adv.比较...地,相对地
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
38 prosper
v.成功,兴隆,昌盛;使成功,使昌隆,繁荣
  • With her at the wheel,the company began to prosper.有了她当主管,公司开始兴旺起来。
  • It is my earnest wish that this company will continue to prosper.我真诚希望这家公司会继续兴旺发达。
39 levied
征(兵)( levy的过去式和过去分词 ); 索取; 发动(战争); 征税
  • Taxes should be levied more on the rich than on the poor. 向富人征收的税应该比穷人的多。
  • Heavy fines were levied on motoring offenders. 违规驾车者会遭到重罚。
40 infrastructure
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
41 legislative
n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的
  • Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
  • Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。
42 judicial
adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的
  • He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
  • Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
43 censorial
监察官的,审查员的
  • Set censorial division, vet division, management division, division handling card, division 5 section office. 设有监察科、检审科、管理科、办证科、综合科5个科室。
  • But, if PSC is censorial derelict, unreasonable, ship-owner also can maintain his interest through legal measure. 但是,假如PSC检查官玩忽职守、不讲道理,船东也可以通过法律手段维护自己的利益。
学英语单词
activized
adapter bearing
adaptive distributed minimal spanning tree algorithm
akoka
alimentary lipemia
amnioss
anilidic
anxiety-ridden
associationism
austrian airlines
back labors
Bad Schallerbach
beginner
biomethanation
blanket gas analysis
borrowest
bulgren
cat (children's apperception test)
clk.
cock-and-pie
comprime
crash out
cross-country flight
crystal clathrate
derivative rights
dirty poll
Do as you're bidden and you'll never bear blame.
down-draft manifold
dressed to the nines
El Salado, R.
elastic limit in shear
Elatostema subcuspidatum
elbe (labe)
electrical anemometer
equitative
feedthrough capacitor
fertilizer-distributor
field ampere-turn
fight to a finish
flauntily
flexibility matrix
floating thumb
fogden
fourth stage
Gornovodnoye
harping
hiked up
hitch roll
hypertypic
inamoratos
Indigofera rigioclada
industrial-instrument
intestine loop
iris scan
Kaliningradskaya Oblast'
left dorso-posterior position
loss due to anchorage temperature difference
ludent
marine centrifugal type refrigerating compressor unit
metallibure
milch goat
neisseria gonorrhoeaes
nonhierarchically
Nymphula
objective cap
office speaker
oozier
other multimode fiber optic cable
pajamas
panama, gulf of
personal allowances
podheads
Port Noarlunga
quod erat faciendum
radiator thermometer
rallentando
re-furbish
rhinoneurosis
river inversion
rotary expansion engine
sagaciate
sand pike
Saxifraga triaristulata
smooth-bore
Solana
soloman r.
spalike
spiking maul
stationary-welding machine
strongbark
swirl defect
teleprinter receiver
thiamins
Third Lateran Council
time interval analyser
ultrarunner
unrecorded income
unwashable
vapour transport
variable structure computer
waggonwright
yellow paper test