15篇文章贯通六级词汇Unit08-Part2

[00:00.00]One could only imagine

[00:03.26]how the Chinese must have felt

[00:05.34]at the turn of the century.

[00:06.88]Could any American imagine a scenario 1

[00:10.71]of the shoe being on

[00:12.13]the other foot (putting themselves

[00:14.31]in the place of the Chinese)?

[00:16.39]How would Americans have felt

[00:19.24]if Chinese gunboats patrolled

[00:21.97]the Mississippi River up to St. Louis,

[00:24.71]a major city in the heart

[00:26.79]of America? What if the Chinese

[00:29.63]could come and go anywhere

[00:31.38]in the United States, being

[00:33.35]completely immune to all American laws.

[00:37.30]Could Americans accept Chinatown

[00:40.75]in Boston of San Francisco

[00:42.94]being under Chinese law, and

[00:45.89]displaying signs with such captions 2

[00:47.53]as “No Americans or dogs allowed”?

[00:50.81]What if Manhattan Island and California

[00:54.64]were annexed 3 by China? Would Americans

[00:58.58]tolerate their own officials

[01:00.44]being in collusion with, and being

[01:02.95]bribed by Chinese authorities,

[01:05.25]to let all of above to

[01:07.88]take place? One would think not.

[01:10.95]Is it any wonder that

[01:14.22]imperialism had become such

[01:15.97]an abominable 4 term to the Chinese people?

[01:19.15]The Chinese have made some

[01:22.32]conscientious attempts to fight back,

[01:24.84]in efforts to defy foreign presence

[01:27.68]in China, but without much support

[01:30.20]during the slack reign 5 of

[01:32.38]the Qing Emperor and the Dowager Empress.

[01:35.77]The Imperial family, for so long,

[01:39.06]had been extremely self?indulgent.

[01:42.02]It paid little attention

[01:44.31]to the realities of what

[01:46.37]was happening inside China.

[01:48.33]For so long, the nation's policies

[01:51.84]revolved around the whims 6 of

[01:53.81]the Imperial Family.

[01:56.44]With reliance on its own resources,

[01:59.82]a secret society, called the Order

[02:03.54]of Literary Patriotic 7 Harmonious 8 Fists,

[02:07.16]made one last desperate attempt

[02:09.78]at revenge, to rid the country

[02:12.30]of foreigners. In 1900, these Boxers 9

[02:16.57]as they were called, stubbornly engaged

[02:19.51]the foreign powers in conflict.

[02:22.14]The former tore up railway tracks,

[02:25.31]attacked Chinese Christians 10, besieged 11

[02:28.93]foreign delegations 12, and eventually

[02:31.45]slaughtered over three hundred foreigners.

[02:34.29]The Americans collaborated 13 with the Japanese,

[02:37.90]consolidated forces and easily overwhelmed

[02:41.95]the Boxers. The latter crumbled 14

[02:45.34]under the pressure of foreign superiority

[02:47.85]and its own deficiencies in equipment

[02:50.70]and organization. The victors placed

[02:54.38]severe controls on the crippled

[02:56.13]Chinese Government and imposed heavy indemnities 15

[03:00.72]of billions of dollars. The fact

[03:04.11]that the foreigners were interested,

[03:06.19]only in protecting their

[03:07.83]own interests, was abundantly clear.

[03:11.12]Aside from discriminatory immigration policy

[03:15.93]against Chinese, the U.S. had no

[03:18.66]official direct political or diplomatic relations

[03:22.38]with China until the Second World War.

[03:25.77]The United States took on

[03:28.29]a much cherished isolationist approach

[03:31.57]to world affairs following

[03:33.40]the First World War, after having

[03:35.48]established itself as a major world power.

[03:39.19]The United States did not even

[03:42.15]become a representative of

[03:44.20]the League of Nations, essentially 17

[03:46.49]the creation of its own then

[03:48.57]President, Woodrow Wilson. This organization

[03:52.62]was set up in 1919 to curb 18

[03:55.79]international conflict, which could,

[03:57.87]potentially, throw the world

[04:00.60]into a war again. The absence of

[04:03.99]this powerful nation was one of

[04:06.62]the major weaknesses of this

[04:08.37]organization and, consequently, a possible

[04:12.20]factor that actually facilitated

[04:14.06]the resumption of world conflict in 1939.

[04:18.76]The Second World War

[04:22.71]During the Second World War,

[04:26.97]the United States and China were

[04:29.16]allies against the common enemy,

[04:31.56]Japan. A coalition 19 of the United States,

[04:36.49]British Commonwealth 20 countries,

[04:39.00]and other allies dispatched supplies

[04:41.96]and other support to China

[04:43.81]by way of the Burma Road and

[04:46.22]by air over the hump (mountains),

[04:48.85]to close in on Japan from the rear.

[04:52.46]When war broke out in 1939,

[04:57.05]China was experiencing a civil war,

[04:59.90]the Nationalists versus 21 the Communists.

[05:03.18]This civil war was put on

[05:06.36]hold while both the Nationalists

[05:08.43]and Communists joined forces

[05:10.84]to converge 22 on Japan, which had,

[05:13.14]intermittently, hovered 23 over China

[05:16.53]as a menace, or as an imperialist

[05:18.61]thorn in its side, for a good

[05:21.67]century before the war. The war

[05:25.72]brought the United States out

[05:27.35]of its splendid official isolation 16.

[05:29.87]Once the war was over,

[05:32.28]turbulent times continued to stalk China.

[05:35.99]The civil war picked up

[05:39.06]where it left off. The Americans

[05:41.46]lent its moral support to

[05:43.76]the Nationalists in their struggle

[05:45.52]against the Communists, whereby

[05:47.70]the United States began to formulate 24

[05:50.22]its Cold War policy of “Containment”

[05:52.84](Containing the spread of Communism).