走进牛津大学 第13期:英国大学的学院制

 　　As a collegiate university, the University of Oxford 1 is considered as a federation 2 which comprises more than forty self-governing colleges and halls,

　　作为一所联合大学，牛津大学可以说是一个联盟，它拥有40多个自治学院和学堂，
　　along with a central administration headed by the Vice-Chancellor.
　　还包括一个由副校长管理的中央行政机构。
　　The academic departments located within this structure are not affiliated 3 with any particular college.
　　学部是一个跨学院的机构,不附属于任何一个学院。
　　They mainly provide facilities for Oxford's teaching and research.
　　它们主要负责为牛津大学的教学和研究工作创造条件。
　　Nowadays, there are 16 academic departments, including the Department of Anthropology 4 and Geography, the Department of Biological Science, the Department of Theology, an so on.
　　现在，牛津大学共有16个学部，包括人类学和地理学学部、生物科学学部、以及神学学部等等。
　　However, everyone of the departments , facualty and students, must be a member of a college or hall of the Oxford University.
　　不过，每个学部的教师和学生必须是牛津大学某一学院或学堂的一员。
　　Colleges are responsible for admitting undergraduates and organizing their tuition, while this resposibily falls on the departments for graduates.
　　学院负责本科生的人学和教学工作，但接待研究生的任务却由学部来承担。
　　There are 38 colleges at Oxford University and 6 permanent private halls, each with its own internal structure and activities.
　　牛津大学总共有38个学院和6个永久性私人学堂，它们都有自己的内部结构和活动。
　　Each college has its own Governing Body, composed of the Head of House and a number of Fellows, most of whom also hold posts in the University.
　　每个学院都有自己的管理委员会，由院长和几个研究员组成，这些研究员中的大多数人在学校都有职位。
　　The colleges join together to discuss policy, which is usually called the Conference of Colleges.
　　各个学院聚集在一起讨论政策方针等问题，这通常被称作学院会议。
　　The whole colleges also gather to deal with the central administration.
　　所有的学院还会聚到一起与学校的中央行政机构商讨事务。
　　Permanent Private Halls, founded by various Christian 5 denominations 6, still retain their religious character.
　　由各种基督教派建立的永久性私人学堂仍然保持着它们的宗教特质。
　　Teaching members of the colleges, fellows and tutors, are collectively known as dons.
　　学院教职人员，无论是普通讲师还是导师，都被称为“阁下”。
　　All colleges invest in large sums of money in facility for library extension, residential 7 and dining condition improvement, and welfare support.
　　所有的学院都会在图书馆扩建、住宿和饮食条件的改善、以及福利支持等方面投资大量的钱。
　　In addition, the colleges also provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members.
　　此外，学院还为它的成员们提供社交、文化和娱乐活动。
　　What we have just mentioned above is collegiate system,
　　我们上面提到的就是学院制，
　　which is used by a great many British universities, such as the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.
　　英国的很多大学都采用学院制，例如牛津大学和剑桥大学。
　　The greatest advantage of the collegiate system is that it gives students and academics the benefits of belonging to both a large,
　　学院制最大的优点在于它使得学生和学者不仅属于一个大的国际知名机构，
　　internationally renowned 8 institution and to a smaller, interdisciplinary, academic college community.
　　而且属于一个小的跨领域的学术性的大学社区。
　　Through subjects and year groups, it enables students and leading academics from different cultures and countries to share ideas.
　　通过学科使来自不同文化与国家的学生和前沿学者们能够聚集在一起进行思想交流。