时间:2018-12-31 作者:英语课 分类:经济学人财经系列


英语课

   In 1991 Coase was awarded the Nobel prize for economics, largely on the strength of these two papers. 1991年,主要是因为这两篇论文的力量,科斯荣获了诺贝尔经济学奖。


  But as late as 1972, he lamented 1 that “The nature of the firm” had been “much cited and little used”. 但是,早在1972年,他就曾经抱怨说,《公司的性质》“被引用了很多次,却很少被用到”。
  In a strange way, Coase himself was partly to blame. 说来奇怪,这部分要怪科斯本人。
  The idea of transaction costs was such a good catch-all explanation for tricky 2 subjects that it was used to close down further inquiry 3. 交易成本的思想是一种如此优秀的对棘手课题的全方位的解释,以至于一度被用来封杀进一步的探讨。
  In fact, Coase's paper raised as many difficult questions as it answered. 实际上,科斯的论文提出了与其回答了一样多的难题。
  If firms exist to reduce transaction costs, why have market transactions at all? 如果公司是为降低交易成本存在,为什么还会有市场交易呢?
  Why not further extend the firm's boundaries? 为什么不进一步扩展公司的边界呢?
  In short, what decides how the economy as a whole is organised? 简言之,决定经济体是怎样作为一个整体被组织起来的是什么?
  Almost as soon as Coase had wished for it, a body of more rigorous research on such questions began to flourish. 几乎就在科斯希望对这类问题的研究开花结果的同时,一批严禁的研究结出了硕果。
  Central to it was the idea that it is difficult to specify 4 all that is required of a business relationship, so some contracts are necessarily “incomplete”. 其核心观点是,列出为一种商业关系所需要的一切是困难的,因而有些合约必然是“不完整的”。
  Important figures in this field include Oliver Williamson, winner of the Nobel prize in economics in 2009, and Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom, who shared the prize in 2016. 这一领域的重要人物包括2009年诺贝尔经济学奖得主奥利弗·威廉姆森(Oliver Williamson) 以及在2006年分享了这一奖项的奥利弗·哈特(Oliver Hart) 和本格特·霍姆斯特罗姆(Bengt Holmstrom)。
  These and other Coase apostles drew on the work of legal theorists in distinguishing between spot transactions and business relations that require longer-term or flexible contracts. 这些以及另外一些科斯的信徒,在区分现货交易和需要长期或灵活合约的商业关系时,借鉴了法理学家的研究。

adj.被哀悼的,令人遗憾的v.(为…)哀悼,痛哭,悲伤( lament的过去式和过去分词 )
  • her late lamented husband 她那令人怀念的已故的丈夫
  • We lamented over our bad luck. 我们为自己的不幸而悲伤。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.狡猾的,奸诈的;(工作等)棘手的,微妙的
  • I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手,你能帮我吗?
  • He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题,只做了个笼统的表述。
n.打听,询问,调查,查问
  • Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
  • The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。
vt.指定,详细说明
  • We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
  • Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。
标签: 经济学人
学英语单词
account payables
acquired immune deficiency syndromes
adaptive line enhancer
amatea
aneidess
as slick as a whistle
assets revaluation law
Bac Son
balling-iron
bartle freres
base camps
be soaked through
biotite polzenite
boat neck,boat neckline
capital of Swaziland
caprea
cash contract
certificate for cargo gear
Cheremnykhite
church organs
closeout
codon
common polypodies
continuous current electromotor
coralla
dead end clamp
decimate
deterministic case
Dischidia
dodaro
double engine plane
egg-flip
el aabde (el abde)
electron-coupled oscillator
flabellospora irregularis
floating-point indicator
flow-measurement integration
fluorocarbon film
formal calculus
genus Cola
gun-shier
haertel
heading blasting
homilete
hour counter additional intermediate wheel
inner arm
inrolls
interactive graphic
interval contacts
ion strength
ion well
Jamaica sorrel
jobclubs
kid around
lapping switch
lattanzi
Lerrain
lithium dichromate
logged onto
makeup valve
meristem culture
most-favo(u)red reinsurance clause
Mungindi
muscle of incisure of helix
nanoscales
non-propelled craft
ODINSUP
omening
optical mixing phase conjugation
outside butt strap
pervibrator
pilow
pinyin
plane of living
proactive aggression
pustule
quadrature phase subcarrier signal
quasi-proprietary
reacting weight
report of disclaimer of opinion
resident unit
restriction of import
retrosternal
ski club
skyrise
snub
Somasian
sonali
spectrophysics
technical code
Telecom Tower
test-drove
tie-back stub liner
tonic accent
tvga
two-way mixed tricot
ureosmotic animal
Vila Seca
wall paper music
Y network
ye'se