2-11 现代奥运回顾：1964年东京奥运会

Modern Olympic Games Review

1964 Olympics, Tokyo

The 1964 Tokyo Games were the first to be held in Asia. Twenty six years after Japan's wartime government forced the Japanese Olympic Committee to resign1 as host of the 1940 Summer Games, Tokyo welcomed the world to the Asian country. The Japanese expressed their successful reconstruction 1 after World War II by choosing as the final torchbearer Yoshinori Sakai, who was born in Hiroshima2 the day that that city was destroyed by an atomic 2 bomb.

The Games were held during October 10th to 24th of 1964, attracting 5,140 athletes from 93 countries. Altogether 163 events in 19 sports were held, among which Judo 33 and volleyball were first introduced to the Olympic programme.

American swimmer Don Schollander won four gold medals. Abebe Bikila of Ethiopia became the first repeat winner of the marathon less than six weeks after having his appendix 44 removed. Russian rower5 Vyacheslav Ivanov won the single sculls6 for the third time, and Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser won the 100m freestyle for the third time. Al Oerter of the United States did the same in the discus throw despite a cervical disc7 injury that forced him to wear a neck harness 58. Hungarian water polo9 player Dezso Gyarmati won his fifth medal in a row. Another Hungarian, Greco Roman wrestler 6 Imre Polyak, finally won a gold medal after finishing second in the same division 710 at the previous three Olympics. By winning two medals of each kind, Larysa Latynina of the Ukraine11 brought her career medal total to an incredible 8 18. She is also one of only four athletes in any sport to win nine gold medals.

Broadcasters in Japan made a collective 9 effort to make a live color TV broadcast of the Tokyo Olympic Games. During the games, eight events were broadcast in color, including the opening and closing ceremonies, wrestling, volleyball, gymnastics, and judo. Live broadcasts of the Olympics used the geostationary satellite12 Syncom13 3, becoming the first satellite broadcast in history. The Tokyo Olympic Games was remembered as the “TV Olympics.”

注释：

1.resign [ri5zain] vt. 放弃，抛弃

2.Hiroshima [7hirE5Fi:mE] 广岛[日本本州岛西南岸港市]（1945年8月6日美国在此投下第一颗原子弹，杀伤惨  重）

3.Judo [5dVu:dEu]〈日〉现代柔道，现代柔术

4.appendix [E5pendiks] n. [解]阑尾

5.rower [5rEuE(r)] n. 桨手，划船人

6.scull [skQl] n. [～s][体]单人双桨赛艇比赛

7.cervical [5sE:vikEl] adj. [解]颈的；～disc颈椎盘

8.harness [5hB:nis] n. 挽具，挽具状带子；neck～护颈

9.polo [5pEulEu] n. [体]水球（运动）

10.division [di5viVEn] n. （体育运动等中的）级

11.Ukraine [ju(:)5krein] 乌克兰

12.geostationary [7dVi(:)Eu5steiFEnEri] adj. （人造地球卫星）与地球旋转同步的；～satellite（地球）同步卫星

13.Syncom [5sin7kCm] n. （美国的）同步通讯卫星

现代奥运回顾

1964年东京奥运会

　　日本战时政府迫使日本奥委会放弃了1940年夏季奥运会的主办权。26年后，1964年东京赢得奥运会的主办权，这是首次在亚洲举办的奥运会。东京敞开大门，欢迎来自世界各地的运动员。日本人选择了酒井义典，一位出生于广岛被原子弹摧毁当天的运动员，作为火炬接力的最后一棒，以展示二战后日本成功的重建工作。

　　本届奥运会于1964年10月10日至24日举行，吸引了来自93个国家的5140名运动员参赛，共进行了19个运动种类中163个项目的比赛，其中柔道和排球首次成为奥运会项目。

　　美国游泳运动员唐·斯科兰德赢得4枚金牌。埃塞俄比亚的阿贝贝·比基拉成为第一位马拉松蝉联冠军，而他在不到6个星期之前刚做了阑尾切除手术。俄罗斯划艇选手维亚切斯拉夫·伊万诺夫第三次获得单人划艇赛的桂冠。澳大利亚游泳运动员唐·弗雷泽也第三次在100米自由泳项目中夺魁。获得三连冠的还有参加铁饼项目的美国运动员阿尔·奥特。虽然由于颈椎盘受伤，他不得不带上一个护脖，但是他依然取得了胜利。匈牙利水球运动员德热·焦尔毛蒂连续第五次获得奖牌。另外一名匈牙利古典式摔跤运动员伊姆雷·波亚克在经历了前三届奥运会同一级别的连续第二后，在本届比赛中终于夺冠。乌克兰人拉莉莎·拉特尼娜在勇夺金银铜牌各2枚之后，不可思议地使其职业生涯中获得的奖牌数达到了18枚，她也成为所有运动项目中仅有的摘取9枚金牌的4位运动员之一。

日本各电视台协同努力，对东京奥运会进行了彩色电视现场直播。奥运会进行过程中，共有8个项目进行了彩色直播，包括开幕式和闭幕式、摔跤、排球、体操和柔道。奥运会的现场直播利用了美国3号同步通讯卫星，成为历史上首次卫星转播。东京奥运会被世人铭记为“电视奥运会”。