星火30篇文章贯通考研词汇 17
时间：2018-11-30 作者：英语课 分类：2006年星火30篇考研词汇
英语课
Unit 17 Saving the Environment……………………271
拯救环境
比起消除真正的污染，当前加强对于环境保护重要性的认识，其意义还要深远得多。我们太晚才认识到，当我们在生产﹑规模﹑速度和发展这些方面取得“成就”的时候，生活条件已大大恶化……
The effort to save the environment derives 1 much of its political popularity(普及)from the impact of immediate 2 personal inconveniences：a sewage(严重的)polluted beach, the smog that leaves one’s eyes watering, the black granules(小颗粒)of soot(煤烟)that drift in through an open window, traffic jams(交通堵塞), noise, the smoking vehicles and industries.
But the significance of the current consciousness for the environment protection goes much, much deeper than nuisance reduction. It is a postponed 3 recognition that as we “succeed” in terms of production, size, speed, growth, quality of life may deteriorate 4 our living conditions disastrously 5. It is a delayed recognition of our unity 6 with nature, a concern for man himself and his natural environment. It is a delayed awareness 7 that our fate as individuals is in fellowship with our fate as a species and the future of life in this planet.
Precisely 8 because we have recognized late, we must redouble(加倍)our efforts to gain command of the situation, we must take all the means at our disposal—basic and applied 9 research, public education, and, above all, the governmental action.
We could have a productive, prosperous society without destroying the ecological 10 balance of our environment. Why should man create the impropriety(不适当的事物)of material plenty around poisoned air, polluted water and mountains of solid wastes?
Russia is currently concerned with the fight to save Lake Baikal(贝加尔湖), four hundreds miles long and six thousand feet deep. The beautiful, wooded shoreline is being inhabited upon by new industrial plants—and a new generation of Russia conservationists(自然资源保护论者)is raising a challenge, the united states contains less than 6percent of the world’s population—but it consumes 34 percent of the world’s production and brings about much more than 5 percent of the world’s pollution. Each American in his lifetime uses an average of 26 millions gallons of water, 21 000 gallons of gasoline, 10 000 pounds of meat, 28 000 pounds of milk and cream, $ 6 000 worth of clothing and $ 7 000 worth of furniture. Each year, people in the United States discard 7 millions automobiles 12 and 100 millions tires, 20 million tons of paper, 28 billion bottles and 48 billions cans. Just to collect the garbage cost $2.8 billion a year. The United States factories get rid of 165 million tons of solid wastes and 172 million tons of smoke, vehicle emissions 13 and other forms of atmospheric 14(大气的)pollution. Eighty-three million United States automobiles contribute 60 percent of air pollution in urban districts. Each year, the United States paves over a million acres of field, forests and rural green spaces.
Fortunately, saving the environment has become a popular crusade(圣战)—aided especially by the energy and concern of young people, man is beginning to realize that he must drastically alter his pattern of shortsighted(无远见的)abuse of the natural resources if he wants to survive.
Large firms are moving to compete with the small ones; specialist makers 16 of pollution control equipments have watched their own sales increase tenfold.
We must achieve interaction of popular pressures and enthusiasm, the precise application of sizable(相当大的)funds and technological 17 skills, and the wise action of government at all the levels of our socio-economic system. That means federal, state and local governments should coordinate 18 their efforts to solve the problems.
While polluted air almost never appears on a death certificate, medical research strongly implicates(暗示)it as a contributing cause of many deaths. Polluted air influences health gradually, so its effects are extremely difficult to pinpoint(查明). However, mounting evidence indicates a steady increase in the incidence of such respiratory(呼吸的)diseases as asthma(哮喘), bronchitis(支气管炎),lung cancer, and emphysema(肺气肿). Cities with an abundance of air pollution have the greatest incidence of these diseases.
The number-one cause of atmospheric pollution is the automobile 11. Some further observation is needed on this subject, but the automobile is indeed a crucial polluter and killer 19. The accident death rate from automobile is currently in excess of fifty-five thousand people every year. The automobile creates traffic jams in the cities and junkyards(旧汽车丢弃地)in the countryside. Experts say the family car has made possible not only the spread of the suburbs but also the abandonment(废弃)of central cities. The internal combustion 20 engine(内燃机)may well give place to other forms of propulsion(推进). However, research work on the electricity, steam and hybrid 21 gasoline-natural gas powered(油气两用的)automobiles has not proceeded very far. The fact is that no one has yet invented a substitute which has adequate performance, reliability(可靠性),and safety, or which can be produced at a reasonable cost and requires a minimum of maintenance.
We have made progress in cleaning up the atmosphere, in part because the public recognizes the health dangers and is willing to accept the expenditures 22. But there has little progress, nationally speaking, against noise pollution, because so little is known about the subject.
Noise pollution is, in face, a threat to millions that could be as dangerous as the pollution of the atmosphere. Clinicians(临床医生)believe that prolonged exposure to noise, especially to sharp, sudden, surprise sounds, produces severe involuntary response in the digestive(消化的)nervous systems.
Human ears cannot shut out noise in sleep in the same way eyelids(眼皮)shut out light. The constriction(收缩)of blood vessels 23 by noise pollution can go on all night long. Many people are fatigued 24 by their efforts to remain asleep in the midst of urban noise.
The lowest audible(可听到的)sound is one decibel 25(分贝)—and louder sounds are measured upward on a logarithmic(对数的)scale. Twenty decibels 26 is ten times 10 decibels, and 80 decibels is a million times louder than 20 decibels—and 30 or so if it is dropped on a wooden library floor. The ordinary conversation level in an average size room runs at approximately 60 decibels. Sounds of 80 decibels or more are uncomfortable to human ears. Decibel levels of 90 or more are estimated by doctors to present a health hazard. Decibel levels of 100 or more are a definite threat to hearing.
Heavy city traffic is measured at 90to 95 decibels, and a common household food blender at 93 decibels. Air hammers(气锤)and air compressors(空气压缩机)along city sidewalks(人行道)erupt in sudden blasts of 95 decibels. This is also the reading, incidentally, of a subway train screaming around a curve. Farm tractors can sound at 98 decibels, roughly the same as a newspaper printing press. Incredible as it may seem, there are many familiar implements 27 of modern life that measure 100 decibels and above. These include loud outboard(舷外的)motors, powering along off-shore(离岸), 102 decibels; textile looms 28, 106decibels; riveting 29 guns(铆枪), 110 decibels on up, usually way up.
There are psychological effects of noise pollution. Starting sounds contribute to outbursts of anger among normally placid(平静的)people. A dropper toy, a blaring television set, a police siren, a tingling(叮当响的)telephone, a sudden truck noise, might propel a neurotic(神经病患者)to minor 30 violence. As for prolonged, steady sound, men and women exposed to it are more inclined to quarrel or act foolishly.
A British study showed not long ago that people who lived near deafening(震聋)London airport were admitted to mental hospitals at a higher rate than people living in quiet districts in the same part of the country. The noises of our daily life have been blamed variously for the high divorce rate, social conflict, indigestion(消化不良),nervous breakdown(神经失常), high blood pressure, heart failure(心力衰竭), and even insanity(精神错乱). The damage is done deep in the inner ear, near the brain, to the delicate cilia(纤毛)， rows of microscopic 31, hair like organs capable of responding individually to thousands of frequencies of sound, the first of these tiny organs to be injured by noise are those, which respond to the higher frequencies above the level of speech. But the hearing loss takes place very gradually, and deafness is often not noticed until it is too late to take corrective measures.
In fact, most city dwellers(居民)have “invented” their own methods of withstanding noise pollution. They turn on a low decibel producer—a fan or an air conditioner—to strain out and distill 32 the louder noises and make indoor life more preferable. Some states have passed laws against defective 33 motorcycle mufflers(消声器), against alarms on other than emergency vehicles, against inadequate(不充足的)mufflers on automobiles.
New York City prohibits the use of automobile horns on stationary 34 vehicles, except as a danger signal. The city also bans the use of any vehicles out of repair to avoid creating loud and unnecessary grating(摩擦声), clashing, or other noises. The city forbids the unnecessary blowing of steam whistles and, along with the state, the use of a stationary internal combustion engine without an effective muffler. These are city laws against excessive noise near schools and hospitals and in the loading and unloading of vehicles, the shouting of street hawkers(叫卖小贩)is forbidden, the dull hum(嗡嗡声)of fans and air conditioners continues to be the citizen’s principal weapon against neighbor’s conversations. The development of off-site, prefabricated(预制的)houses by the Office of Housing and Urban Development in Washington has offered new hope of effective noise controls. The house devised is simpler and less costly 35 to install. Another promising 36 new concert is the development of portable, soundproofed(隔音的)rooms for installation in homes, offices, or industrial plants.
Noise control technology in transportation is also being devised. General Motors(美国通用汽车公司)has designed quieter public trucks, conducting new research into noise abatement(消除)features of body and structural(结构的)framework design, and making its findings available to other manufacturers(生产厂商).
Trucks may be required to reduce diesel 37 engine(柴油机)noise by simple techniques that have already been tested in diesel bus design, basically a sealed engine compartment 38, mechanically ventilated by fans. Small discharge and line mufflers may reduce air brake noise and frantic(狂乱的)pumping sound. Tired may be designed with cross bar and rib 15 treads(轮胎面)to minimize the familiar whirring(旋转的)noise.
The air transportation industry also has a major noise problem. Aircraft technology is only one part of the problem, however. The other is the quality of life in residential 39, industrial, and wildlife areas in the vicinity of airports. The noise of the jets is indeed substantial. Environmental factors must be considered well in advance in all aspects of aviation planning.
Reducing the pollution of our rivers, lakes, streams, and offshore 40 waters is important fir the coming generation.
We have made visible and encouraging progress by operating new sewage(污水)disposal projects. Sewage treatment plant’s construction has improved the quality of ten billion gallons of water a day—some 20 percent of all our fresh water resources. Pollution of the rivers, streams, and lakes must be ended as possible—as a prerequisite(先决条件)for our good future and our good health. We can stop water pollution if we are prepared to pay the price.
The basic technology of sewage control has been successfully developed. The primary need is for more sewage treatment of plants and filters. Municipal collection systems gather the sewage in lateral 41 and trunk sewers 42. When treatment is not provided, the sewage is dumped directly into the nearest waters. Filters ate designed to gather sewage from these trunk and lateral sewers and bring them to the treatment facilities.
Treatment plants receive sewage from collection systems and from filers. Treatment then eliminates many of the harmful(有害的)composition of sewage by sedimentation(沉淀), biological or chemical action(生化反应), and purification. Primary treatment (sedimentation) is always necessary. Secondary treatment (biological and chemical action) is also always necessary. Chlorination(氯化处理)(purification)is needed in most cases. To eliminate existing pollution in industries not tied to municipal sewage collection systems, there must be separate industrial facilities and even changers in industrial processes.
注释:
derive→★river
popularity→★people
inconvenience
pollute
smog
drift
significance
current
nuisance
reduction
postpone
recognition
deteriorate
condition→★condition
disastrously→★star
unity
fate
fellowship
planet
disposal
apply→★apply
productive→★produce
prosperous
ecological
balance
poison
solid→★solid
shoreline→★line
inhabit
industrial→★industry
contain
pollution
gallon
gasoline
discard→★card/cartoon
automobile
billion
get rid of
atmospheric→★atmosphere
contribute
urban→★suburb
pave
rural
drastically
abuse
resource→★source
survive
compete
specialist→★special
tenfold→★fold
interaction
economic
federal
indicate
steady
incidence→★incident/accident
lung
crucial
rate→★rate
excess
expert
internal
propulsion
steam
invent
substitute
adequate
performance
reliability
reasonable
minimum
maintenance→★maintain
threat
involuntary→★will
vessel
midst
measure
scale
approximately
estimate→★estimate
hazard
definite
hearing
blender
erupt
blast
incidentally
subway
textile→★text
normally
siren
propel
violence
incline
deafen
divorce
breakdown
failure
delicate
frequency
withstand
strain out
distil(l)
indoor
preferable
defective
inadequate
prohibit→★exhibition
stationary
ban
clash→★crack
whistle
excessive
unload
principal
site
devise
costly
promising
portable
installation
transportation
structural
framework
finding
basically
seal
compartment
ventilate
discharge
brake
pump→★hump
minimize
aircraft→★craft
residential
vicinity
jet→★reject
substantial→★substance
aviation
visible
filter
municipal
lateral→★side
trunk
dump
treatment
eliminate
harmful
chemical→★chemistry
purification
secondary
拯救环境
比起消除真正的污染，当前加强对于环境保护重要性的认识，其意义还要深远得多。我们太晚才认识到，当我们在生产﹑规模﹑速度和发展这些方面取得“成就”的时候，生活条件已大大恶化……
The effort to save the environment derives 1 much of its political popularity(普及)from the impact of immediate 2 personal inconveniences：a sewage(严重的)polluted beach, the smog that leaves one’s eyes watering, the black granules(小颗粒)of soot(煤烟)that drift in through an open window, traffic jams(交通堵塞), noise, the smoking vehicles and industries.
But the significance of the current consciousness for the environment protection goes much, much deeper than nuisance reduction. It is a postponed 3 recognition that as we “succeed” in terms of production, size, speed, growth, quality of life may deteriorate 4 our living conditions disastrously 5. It is a delayed recognition of our unity 6 with nature, a concern for man himself and his natural environment. It is a delayed awareness 7 that our fate as individuals is in fellowship with our fate as a species and the future of life in this planet.
Precisely 8 because we have recognized late, we must redouble(加倍)our efforts to gain command of the situation, we must take all the means at our disposal—basic and applied 9 research, public education, and, above all, the governmental action.
We could have a productive, prosperous society without destroying the ecological 10 balance of our environment. Why should man create the impropriety(不适当的事物)of material plenty around poisoned air, polluted water and mountains of solid wastes?
Russia is currently concerned with the fight to save Lake Baikal(贝加尔湖), four hundreds miles long and six thousand feet deep. The beautiful, wooded shoreline is being inhabited upon by new industrial plants—and a new generation of Russia conservationists(自然资源保护论者)is raising a challenge, the united states contains less than 6percent of the world’s population—but it consumes 34 percent of the world’s production and brings about much more than 5 percent of the world’s pollution. Each American in his lifetime uses an average of 26 millions gallons of water, 21 000 gallons of gasoline, 10 000 pounds of meat, 28 000 pounds of milk and cream, $ 6 000 worth of clothing and $ 7 000 worth of furniture. Each year, people in the United States discard 7 millions automobiles 12 and 100 millions tires, 20 million tons of paper, 28 billion bottles and 48 billions cans. Just to collect the garbage cost $2.8 billion a year. The United States factories get rid of 165 million tons of solid wastes and 172 million tons of smoke, vehicle emissions 13 and other forms of atmospheric 14(大气的)pollution. Eighty-three million United States automobiles contribute 60 percent of air pollution in urban districts. Each year, the United States paves over a million acres of field, forests and rural green spaces.
Fortunately, saving the environment has become a popular crusade(圣战)—aided especially by the energy and concern of young people, man is beginning to realize that he must drastically alter his pattern of shortsighted(无远见的)abuse of the natural resources if he wants to survive.
Large firms are moving to compete with the small ones; specialist makers 16 of pollution control equipments have watched their own sales increase tenfold.
We must achieve interaction of popular pressures and enthusiasm, the precise application of sizable(相当大的)funds and technological 17 skills, and the wise action of government at all the levels of our socio-economic system. That means federal, state and local governments should coordinate 18 their efforts to solve the problems.
While polluted air almost never appears on a death certificate, medical research strongly implicates(暗示)it as a contributing cause of many deaths. Polluted air influences health gradually, so its effects are extremely difficult to pinpoint(查明). However, mounting evidence indicates a steady increase in the incidence of such respiratory(呼吸的)diseases as asthma(哮喘), bronchitis(支气管炎),lung cancer, and emphysema(肺气肿). Cities with an abundance of air pollution have the greatest incidence of these diseases.
The number-one cause of atmospheric pollution is the automobile 11. Some further observation is needed on this subject, but the automobile is indeed a crucial polluter and killer 19. The accident death rate from automobile is currently in excess of fifty-five thousand people every year. The automobile creates traffic jams in the cities and junkyards(旧汽车丢弃地)in the countryside. Experts say the family car has made possible not only the spread of the suburbs but also the abandonment(废弃)of central cities. The internal combustion 20 engine(内燃机)may well give place to other forms of propulsion(推进). However, research work on the electricity, steam and hybrid 21 gasoline-natural gas powered(油气两用的)automobiles has not proceeded very far. The fact is that no one has yet invented a substitute which has adequate performance, reliability(可靠性),and safety, or which can be produced at a reasonable cost and requires a minimum of maintenance.
We have made progress in cleaning up the atmosphere, in part because the public recognizes the health dangers and is willing to accept the expenditures 22. But there has little progress, nationally speaking, against noise pollution, because so little is known about the subject.
Noise pollution is, in face, a threat to millions that could be as dangerous as the pollution of the atmosphere. Clinicians(临床医生)believe that prolonged exposure to noise, especially to sharp, sudden, surprise sounds, produces severe involuntary response in the digestive(消化的)nervous systems.
Human ears cannot shut out noise in sleep in the same way eyelids(眼皮)shut out light. The constriction(收缩)of blood vessels 23 by noise pollution can go on all night long. Many people are fatigued 24 by their efforts to remain asleep in the midst of urban noise.
The lowest audible(可听到的)sound is one decibel 25(分贝)—and louder sounds are measured upward on a logarithmic(对数的)scale. Twenty decibels 26 is ten times 10 decibels, and 80 decibels is a million times louder than 20 decibels—and 30 or so if it is dropped on a wooden library floor. The ordinary conversation level in an average size room runs at approximately 60 decibels. Sounds of 80 decibels or more are uncomfortable to human ears. Decibel levels of 90 or more are estimated by doctors to present a health hazard. Decibel levels of 100 or more are a definite threat to hearing.
Heavy city traffic is measured at 90to 95 decibels, and a common household food blender at 93 decibels. Air hammers(气锤)and air compressors(空气压缩机)along city sidewalks(人行道)erupt in sudden blasts of 95 decibels. This is also the reading, incidentally, of a subway train screaming around a curve. Farm tractors can sound at 98 decibels, roughly the same as a newspaper printing press. Incredible as it may seem, there are many familiar implements 27 of modern life that measure 100 decibels and above. These include loud outboard(舷外的)motors, powering along off-shore(离岸), 102 decibels; textile looms 28, 106decibels; riveting 29 guns(铆枪), 110 decibels on up, usually way up.
There are psychological effects of noise pollution. Starting sounds contribute to outbursts of anger among normally placid(平静的)people. A dropper toy, a blaring television set, a police siren, a tingling(叮当响的)telephone, a sudden truck noise, might propel a neurotic(神经病患者)to minor 30 violence. As for prolonged, steady sound, men and women exposed to it are more inclined to quarrel or act foolishly.
A British study showed not long ago that people who lived near deafening(震聋)London airport were admitted to mental hospitals at a higher rate than people living in quiet districts in the same part of the country. The noises of our daily life have been blamed variously for the high divorce rate, social conflict, indigestion(消化不良),nervous breakdown(神经失常), high blood pressure, heart failure(心力衰竭), and even insanity(精神错乱). The damage is done deep in the inner ear, near the brain, to the delicate cilia(纤毛)， rows of microscopic 31, hair like organs capable of responding individually to thousands of frequencies of sound, the first of these tiny organs to be injured by noise are those, which respond to the higher frequencies above the level of speech. But the hearing loss takes place very gradually, and deafness is often not noticed until it is too late to take corrective measures.
In fact, most city dwellers(居民)have “invented” their own methods of withstanding noise pollution. They turn on a low decibel producer—a fan or an air conditioner—to strain out and distill 32 the louder noises and make indoor life more preferable. Some states have passed laws against defective 33 motorcycle mufflers(消声器), against alarms on other than emergency vehicles, against inadequate(不充足的)mufflers on automobiles.
New York City prohibits the use of automobile horns on stationary 34 vehicles, except as a danger signal. The city also bans the use of any vehicles out of repair to avoid creating loud and unnecessary grating(摩擦声), clashing, or other noises. The city forbids the unnecessary blowing of steam whistles and, along with the state, the use of a stationary internal combustion engine without an effective muffler. These are city laws against excessive noise near schools and hospitals and in the loading and unloading of vehicles, the shouting of street hawkers(叫卖小贩)is forbidden, the dull hum(嗡嗡声)of fans and air conditioners continues to be the citizen’s principal weapon against neighbor’s conversations. The development of off-site, prefabricated(预制的)houses by the Office of Housing and Urban Development in Washington has offered new hope of effective noise controls. The house devised is simpler and less costly 35 to install. Another promising 36 new concert is the development of portable, soundproofed(隔音的)rooms for installation in homes, offices, or industrial plants.
Noise control technology in transportation is also being devised. General Motors(美国通用汽车公司)has designed quieter public trucks, conducting new research into noise abatement(消除)features of body and structural(结构的)framework design, and making its findings available to other manufacturers(生产厂商).
Trucks may be required to reduce diesel 37 engine(柴油机)noise by simple techniques that have already been tested in diesel bus design, basically a sealed engine compartment 38, mechanically ventilated by fans. Small discharge and line mufflers may reduce air brake noise and frantic(狂乱的)pumping sound. Tired may be designed with cross bar and rib 15 treads(轮胎面)to minimize the familiar whirring(旋转的)noise.
The air transportation industry also has a major noise problem. Aircraft technology is only one part of the problem, however. The other is the quality of life in residential 39, industrial, and wildlife areas in the vicinity of airports. The noise of the jets is indeed substantial. Environmental factors must be considered well in advance in all aspects of aviation planning.
Reducing the pollution of our rivers, lakes, streams, and offshore 40 waters is important fir the coming generation.
We have made visible and encouraging progress by operating new sewage(污水)disposal projects. Sewage treatment plant’s construction has improved the quality of ten billion gallons of water a day—some 20 percent of all our fresh water resources. Pollution of the rivers, streams, and lakes must be ended as possible—as a prerequisite(先决条件)for our good future and our good health. We can stop water pollution if we are prepared to pay the price.
The basic technology of sewage control has been successfully developed. The primary need is for more sewage treatment of plants and filters. Municipal collection systems gather the sewage in lateral 41 and trunk sewers 42. When treatment is not provided, the sewage is dumped directly into the nearest waters. Filters ate designed to gather sewage from these trunk and lateral sewers and bring them to the treatment facilities.
Treatment plants receive sewage from collection systems and from filers. Treatment then eliminates many of the harmful(有害的)composition of sewage by sedimentation(沉淀), biological or chemical action(生化反应), and purification. Primary treatment (sedimentation) is always necessary. Secondary treatment (biological and chemical action) is also always necessary. Chlorination(氯化处理)(purification)is needed in most cases. To eliminate existing pollution in industries not tied to municipal sewage collection systems, there must be separate industrial facilities and even changers in industrial processes.
注释:
derive→★river
popularity→★people
inconvenience
pollute
smog
drift
significance
current
nuisance
reduction
postpone
recognition
deteriorate
condition→★condition
disastrously→★star
unity
fate
fellowship
planet
disposal
apply→★apply
productive→★produce
prosperous
ecological
balance
poison
solid→★solid
shoreline→★line
inhabit
industrial→★industry
contain
pollution
gallon
gasoline
discard→★card/cartoon
automobile
billion
get rid of
atmospheric→★atmosphere
contribute
urban→★suburb
pave
rural
drastically
abuse
resource→★source
survive
compete
specialist→★special
tenfold→★fold
interaction
economic
federal
indicate
steady
incidence→★incident/accident
lung
crucial
rate→★rate
excess
expert
internal
propulsion
steam
invent
substitute
adequate
performance
reliability
reasonable
minimum
maintenance→★maintain
threat
involuntary→★will
vessel
midst
measure
scale
approximately
estimate→★estimate
hazard
definite
hearing
blender
erupt
blast
incidentally
subway
textile→★text
normally
siren
propel
violence
incline
deafen
divorce
breakdown
failure
delicate
frequency
withstand
strain out
distil(l)
indoor
preferable
defective
inadequate
prohibit→★exhibition
stationary
ban
clash→★crack
whistle
excessive
unload
principal
site
devise
costly
promising
portable
installation
transportation
structural
framework
finding
basically
seal
compartment
ventilate
discharge
brake
pump→★hump
minimize
aircraft→★craft
residential
vicinity
jet→★reject
substantial→★substance
aviation
visible
filter
municipal
lateral→★side
trunk
dump
treatment
eliminate
harmful
chemical→★chemistry
purification
secondary
1 derives
v.得到( derive的第三人称单数 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
- English derives in the main from the common Germanic stock. 英语主要源于日耳曼语系。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- He derives his income from freelance work. 他以自由职业获取收入。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 immediate
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
- His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
- We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
3 postponed
vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发）
- The trial was postponed indefinitely. 审讯无限期延迟。
- The game has already been postponed three times. 这场比赛已经三度延期了。
4 deteriorate
v.变坏；恶化；退化
- Do you think relations between China and Japan will continue to deteriorate?你认为中日关系会继续恶化吗？
- He held that this would only cause the situation to deteriorate further.他认为，这只会使局势更加恶化。
5 disastrously
ad.灾难性地
- Their profits began to spiral down disastrously. 他们的利润开始螺旋形地急剧下降。
- The fit between the country's information needs and its information media has become disastrously disjointed. 全国的信息需求与信息传播媒介之间的配置，出现了严重的不协调。
6 unity
n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调
- When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
- We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。
7 awareness
n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智
- There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
- Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
8 precisely
adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地
- It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
- The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
9 applied
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
- She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
- This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
10 ecological
adj.生态的，生态学的
- The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
- Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.
11 automobile
n.汽车，机动车
- He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
- The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。
12 automobiles
n.汽车( automobile的名词复数 )
- When automobiles become popular,the use of the horse and buggy passed away. 汽车普及后，就不再使用马和马车了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Automobiles speed in an endless stream along the boulevard. 宽阔的林荫道上，汽车川流不息。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
13 emissions
排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）
- Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
- Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。
14 atmospheric
adj.大气的，空气的；大气层的；大气所引起的
- Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
- Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
15 rib
n.肋骨，肋状物
- He broke a rib when he fell off his horse.他从马上摔下来折断了一根肋骨。
- He has broken a rib and the doctor has strapped it up.他断了一根肋骨，医生已包扎好了。
16 makers
n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）
- The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
- The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 technological
adj.技术的；工艺的
- A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
- Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。
18 coordinate
adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调
- You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
- Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。
19 killer
n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者
- Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
- The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。
20 combustion
n.燃烧；氧化；骚动
- We might be tempted to think of combustion.我们也许会联想到氧化。
- The smoke formed by their combustion is negligible.由它燃烧所生成的烟是可忽略的。
21 hybrid
n.(动，植）杂种，混合物
- That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
- The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。
22 expenditures
n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 )；使用；（尤指金钱的）支出额；（精力、时间、材料等的）耗费
- We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了，下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人
- The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
24 fatigued
adj. 疲乏的
- The exercises fatigued her. 操练使她感到很疲乏。
- The President smiled, with fatigued tolerance for a minor person's naivety. 总统笑了笑，疲惫地表现出对一个下级人员的天真想法的宽容。
25 decibel
n.分贝(音量的单位)
- The noise pollution reached a high decibel level.噪音污染达到了很高分贝。
- In sound we use the decibel scale.在声学中我们采用分贝标度。
26 decibels
n.分贝( decibel的名词复数 )
- The typical lawn mower makes about 90 decibels of noise. 典型的割草机发出的声响约为90分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A normal conversation reaches 55 decibels. 普通的谈话即可达55分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
27 implements
n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效
- Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
- They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
28 looms
n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近
- All were busily engaged,men at their ploughs,women at their looms. 大家都很忙，男的耕田，女的织布。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- The factory has twenty-five looms. 那家工厂有25台织布机。 来自《简明英汉词典》
29 riveting
adj.动听的，令人着迷的，完全吸引某人注意力的；n.铆接（法）
- I find snooker riveting though I don't play myself.虽然我自己不打斯诺克，但是我觉得它挺令人着迷。
- To my amazement,I found it riveting.但令我惊讶的是，我发现它的吸引人处。
30 minor
adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修
- The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
- I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
31 microscopic
adj.微小的，细微的，极小的，显微的
- It's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
- A plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
32 distill
vt.蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取，吸取，提炼
- This standard set determine the method of petroleum products distill.本标准规定了测定石油产品蒸馏的方法。
- Distill the crucial points of the book.从书中提炼出关键的几点。
33 defective
adj.有毛病的，有问题的，有瑕疵的
- The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
- If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷， 顾客有权索赔。
34 stationary
adj.固定的，静止不动的
- A stationary object is easy to be aimed at.一个静止不动的物体是容易瞄准的。
- Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车。
35 costly
adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的
- It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
- This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。
36 promising
adj.有希望的，有前途的
- The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
- We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
37 diesel
n.柴油发动机，内燃机
- We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
- My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。
38 compartment
n.卧车包房，隔间；分隔的空间
- We were glad to have the whole compartment to ourselves.真高兴，整个客车隔间由我们独享。
- The batteries are safely enclosed in a watertight compartment.电池被安全地置于一个防水的隔间里。
39 residential
adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的
- The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
- The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。
40 offshore
adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面
- A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
- A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。