美国学生历史 第51期:《独立宣言》和法国联盟(4)

 　　154.Monmouth, 1778. 154．蒙默思郡（1778年）

　　The first result of the French alliance was the retreat of the British from Philadelphia to New York. 与法国人结盟的第一个成果是导致英国人从费城撤到纽约。
　　As Sir Henry Clinton, the new British commander, led his army across the Jerseys 1, Washington determined 2 to strike it a blow. 在新的英军司令亨利·克林顿爵士带领部队穿过泽西地区时，华盛顿决定给他们以迅猛打击，
　　This he did near Monmouth. 他将攻击地点选在蒙默思郡。
　　The attack was a failure, owing to the treason of General Charles Lee, who led the advance. 但是，这场战斗以美军失败告终，原因在于担任前锋的查理斯·李将军叛变。
　　Washington reached the front only in time to prevent a dreadful disaster. 华盛顿及时赶到前线制止了一场灾难的发生，
　　But he could not bring about victory, and Clinton seized the first moment to continue his march to New York. 但他已经不可能获得胜利，克林顿已经趁机奔袭到纽约，
　　There were other expeditions and battles in the North. 在北方还有几支远征军在战斗，
　　But none of these had any important effect on the outcome of the war. 但这些这些军队和战斗已经不影响战争的结局。
　　155.Clark's Western Campaign, 1778~1779 155．克拉克的西部战役（1778~1779年）
　　The Virginians had long taken great interest in the western country. 长期以来，弗吉尼亚人就对西部地区有很大兴趣，
　　Their hardy 3 pioneers had crossed the mountains and begun the settlement of Kentucky. 他们吃苦耐劳的前辈曾经越过高山在肯塔基定居，
　　The Virginians now determined to conquer the British posts in the country northwest of the Ohio. 现在，弗吉尼亚人决定占领俄亥俄西北部地区英军的据点，
　　The command was given to George Rogers Clark. Gathering 4 a strong band of hardy frontiersmen he set out on his dangerous expedition.  这个任务被交给乔治·罗杰斯·克拉克。克拉克召集一批生活在边区、吃苦耐劳的人组成一支强大的部队，带着这支部队开始其充满危险的远征。
　　He seized the posts in Illinois, and Vincennes surrendered to him. 克拉克夺取了在伊利诺斯的据点，文思尼斯不战而降。
　　Then the British governor of the Northwest came from Detroit with a large force and recaptured Vincennes. 随后，西北地区的英国总督带领一支劲旅从底特律赶来并收复文思尼斯。
　　Clark set out from Illinois to surprise the British. 克拉克从伊利诺斯出发偷袭英军，
　　It was the middle of the winter. 此时是严冬季节，
　　In some places the snow lay deep on the ground. 一些地方地面上有厚厚的积雪，
　　Then came the early floods. For days the Americans marched in water up to their waists. 后来，他们又遭遇提前到来的洪水，有几天时间美军在齐腰深的水中行军，
　　At night they sought some little hill where they could sleep on dry ground. 夜里他们到一些小山坡宿营，在这些地方他们可以睡到不湿的地上，
　　Then on again through the flood. 后来，他们再次遭遇洪水。
　　They surprised the British garrison 5 at Vincennes and forced it to surrender. 他们突然袭击在文思尼斯的英国守卫军，并迫使他们投降，
　　That was the end of the contest for the Northwest. 这就是西北争夺战的结局。
　　156.Arnold and André, 1780. 156.阿诺德和安德鲁（1780年）
　　Of all the leaders under Washington none was abler in battle than Benedict Arnold. Unhappily he was always in trouble about money. 在华盛顿手下的将军中，打起仗来没有人比阿诺德更为能干，不幸的是此人总是处于经济窘迫之中，
　　He was distrusted by Congress and was not promoted. 大陆议会不信任他，并且他没有被提升。
　　At Saratoga he quarrelled with Gates and was dismissed from his command. 在萨拉托加阿诺德与盖茨争吵并被割去领导权，
　　Later he became military governor of Philadelphia and was censured 6 by Washington for his doings there. 后来，他成为费城的军事长官，而且，华盛顿责备他在费城的所作所为。
　　He then secured the command of West Point and offered to surrender the post to the British. 后来本内迪克·阿诺德接管西点军校，并主动提出向英军的据点投降。
　　Major André, of Clinton's staff, met Arnold to arrange the final details. 克林顿的手下梅杰·安德鲁与阿诺德会见商讨叛逃细节，
　　On his return journey to New York André was arrested and taken before Washington. 梅杰·安德鲁在返回纽约途中被逮捕，并被押送给华盛顿，
　　The American commander asked his generals if André was a spy. They replied that André was a spy, and he was hanged. 华盛顿问他的将军们安德鲁是否是一个间谍，他们回答说是，于是安德鲁被绞死，
　　Arnold escaped to New York and became a general in the British army. 阿诺德逃到纽约并成为英军的一名将军。