美国学生历史 第23期:查理二世的殖民统治(2)

 　　69. Conquest of New Netherland, 1664. 69．征服新荷兰（1644年）

　　The English government now determined 1 to conquer New Netherland. 英国政府决定征服新荷兰，
　　An English fleet sailed to New Amsterdam. 一支英国舰队航行到新阿姆斯特丹，
　　Stuyvesant thumped 2 up and down on his wooden leg. 斯特文森特着急地用拳头上下捶打自己的木制大腿，
　　But he was almost the only man in New Amsterdam who wanted to fight. 但是，此时他几乎是新阿姆斯特丹唯一想迎战英国人的人。
　　He soon surrendered, and New Netherland became an English colony. 斯特文森特很快就投降了，新阿姆斯特丹成为英国的殖民地。
　　The Dutch later recaptured it and held it for a time; but in 1674 they finally handed it over to England. 荷兰人后来又夺回了新阿姆斯特丹，并占据一段时间，但是，1674年他们最终将这个地方交给了英格兰。
　　70. New York. 70．纽约
　　Even before the colony was seized in 1664, 远在1664年夺取这块殖民地之前，
　　Charles II gave it away to his brother James, Duke of York and Albany, who afterward 3 became king as James II. 查理二世就将这块殖民地送给他的兄弟约克郡和奥尔巴尼的公爵詹姆斯，此人后来变成国王詹姆斯二世。
　　The name of New Netherland was therefore changed to New York, 从此新荷兰变成了纽约，
　　and the principal towns were also named in his honor, New York and Albany. 并且，主城为纪念公爵而命名为纽约和奥尔巴尼。
　　Little else was changed in the colony. 在这块殖民地上没有其他多少变化，
　　The Dutch were allowed to live very nearly as they had lived before, 这里允许荷兰人过非常相似于以前的生活，
　　and soon became even happier and more contented 4 than they had been under Dutch rule. 他们很快变得比在荷兰人统治时期更加快乐和满足。
　　Many English settlers now came in. 此时，许多英国居住者赶来了，
　　The colony became rich and prosperous, but the people had little to do with their own government. 这块殖民地变得富足和繁荣起来，但是，人们尚未为建立自己的政府而有过行动。
　　71. New Jersey 5. 71．新泽西
　　No sooner had James received New Netherland from his brother than he hastened to give some of the best portions of it to two faithful friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley. 在从其兄弟那里获得新荷兰之后不久，詹姆斯就匆匆将这块土地中一些最好的部分送给自己的两个忠实朋友——乔治·卡特赖特爵士和罗德·伯克利，
　　Their territory extended from New York harbor to the Delaware River, 他们的领土从纽约港延伸到德拉威尔河，
　　and was named New Jersey in honor of Carteret's defense 6 of the island of Jersey against the Puritans. 并且，为纪念卡特赖特保护泽西岛反抗葡萄牙人的进犯，他们将这里命名为新泽西。
　　Colonists 7 at once began coming to the new province and settled at Elizabethtown. 殖民者迅速来到这个新地区，并居住到伊丽莎白镇。
　　72. Later New Jersey. 72．后来的新泽西
　　Soon New Jersey was divided into two parts, East Jersey and West Jersey. 不久，新泽西被分为两个部分：东泽西和西泽西。
　　West Jersey belonged to Lord Berkeley and he sold it to the Quakers. 西泽西属于罗德·伯克利，他将它卖给教友派信徒。
　　Not very many years later the Quakers also bought East Jersey. 又过了不几年，教友派信徒又买下了东泽西，
　　The New Jersey colonists were always getting into disputes with one another, 新泽西的殖民地居民总是彼此争议不断，
　　so they asked Queen Anne to take charge of the government of the province. 因此他们请女王安妮掌管这个地区。
　　This she did by telling the governor of New York to govern New Jersey also. 安妮接受请求，她让纽约总督兼管新泽西。
　　This was not what the Jersey people had expected. But they had their own legislature. 安妮女王的做法不能令泽西人满意，但是，他们有自己的立法机关，
　　In time also they secured a governor all to themselves and became a royal province entirely 8 separate from New York. 他们也及时选定一个为他们自己利益着想的总督，新泽西变成王室的一个省，它完全独立于纽约的管制。
　　Pennsylvania and New York protected the Jersey people from the French and the Indians, 宾夕法尼亚和纽约保护泽西人使之免受法国人和印第安人的进犯，
　　and provided markets for the products of the Jersey farms. 并向他们提供交易泽西农副产品的市场。
　　The colonists were industrious 9 and their soil was fertile. 殖民地居民很勤奋，他们的土地也很肥沃。
　　They were very religious and paid great attention to education. 他们对宗教极其虔诚，非常重视教育。
　　New Jersey became very prosperous and so continued until the Revolution. 新泽西变得非常繁荣，这种繁荣景象一直延续到革命爆发。