美国学生历史 第25期:查理二世的殖民统治(4)

 　　77. King Philip's War, 1675-76. 77．金·菲利普的战争（1765~1776年）

　　It was not only in Virginia and Maryland that the Indians were restless at this time. 这个时候，并非只有在弗吉尼亚和马里兰的印第安人不安于现状，
　　In New England also they attacked the whites. 新英格兰的印第安人也攻击白人，
　　They were led by Massasoit's son, King Philip, an able and farseeing man. 领导他们的是马萨索易特的儿子金·菲利普，他是一个能干且有远见的人。
　　He saw with dismay how rapidly the whites were driving the Indians away from their hunting-grounds. 菲利普沮丧地看到印第安人从他们的狩猎场上被白人赶走。
　　The Indians burned the English villages on the frontier and killed hundreds of the settlers. 印第安人烧毁边境地区英国人的村落并杀死数百个居住者，
　　The strongest chief to join Philip was Canonchet of the Narragansetts. 加入到菲利普行列的最强大的首领是纳拉干族的加农克特，
　　The colonial soldiers stormed his fort and killed a thousand Indian warriors 1. 殖民地士兵捣毁他的堡垒并杀死一千名印第安勇士。
　　Before long King Philip himself was killed, and the war slowly came to an end. 不久，金·菲利普被杀死，战争渐渐结束。
　　78. William Penn. 78．威廉·佩恩
　　Among the greatest Englishmen of that time was William Penn. 威廉·佩恩是这个时期英国的伟人之一，
　　He was a Quaker and was also a friend of Charles II and James, Duke of York. 他是一个教友派信徒，并且是查理二世和约克郡公爵詹姆斯的朋友。
　　He wished to found a colony in which he and the Quakers could work out their ideas in religious and civil matters. 威廉·佩恩希望创建一处殖民地，他和教友派信徒可以在那里实现其关于民事和宗教事务的思想。
　　It chanced that Charles owed Penn a large sum of money. 碰巧查理二世欠佩恩一大笔钱，
　　As Charles seldom had any money, he was very glad to give Penn instead a large tract 2 of land in America. 由于查理二世没有这么多钱，他非常愿意用美洲的一大片土地还这笔钱。
　　In this way Penn obtained Pennsylvania. James, for his part, gave him Delaware. 佩恩就这样获得了宾夕法尼亚，至于詹姆斯，查理斯将德拉威尔送给他。
　　79. Founding of Pennsylvania, 1682. 79．宾夕法尼亚的创建（1682年）
　　William Penn had a great reputation for honesty 威廉·佩恩有一个非常好的名声，他为人正直，
　　and fair dealing 3 among the English Quakers and among the Quakers on the continent of Europe as well. 公平对待英国教友派信徒和欧洲大陆的教友派信徒。
　　As soon as it was known that he was to found a colony, 一听说他要创建一处殖民地，
　　great numbers of persons came to Pennsylvania from England and from Germany. 很多人从德国和英格兰来到宾夕法尼亚，
　　In a very short time the colony became strong and prosperous. 不久，这片殖民地变得强大和兴旺起来。
　　In the first place, the soil of Pennsylvania was rich and productive while its climate was well suited to the growth of grain. 首先，宾夕法尼亚的土地肥沃多产，而其气候也适于种植谷物；
　　In the second place, Penn was very liberal to his colonists 4. 其次，佩恩对他的移民非常慷慨，
　　He gave them a large share in the government of the province and he allowed no religious persecution 5. 他不仅从地方财政中拿出大块分红给这些人，杜绝宗教迫害，
　　He also insisted on fair and honest dealing with the Indians. 还坚持公平、正直地对待印第安人。
　　80. Mason and Dixon's Line. 80．梅森和迪克逊边界线
　　In the seventeenth century the geography of America was very little understood in Europe — 17世纪的欧洲人对美国地理所知甚少，
　　and the persons who drew up colonial charters understood it least of all. 那些制定殖民宪章的人尤其于此所知寥寥。
　　Charter lines frequently overlapped 6 and were often very indistinct. 宪章划定的边界常常是彼此交叠，很不清楚。
　　This was particularly true of the Maryland and Pennsylvania boundaries. 特别是，马里兰和宾夕法尼亚的边界的划分就是这个样子。
　　Penn and Baltimore tried to come to an agreement; but they never could agree. 佩恩和巴尔的摩试图就边界问题达成一致，但他们从来没能就此达成一致。
　　Years afterward 7, when they were both dead, their heirs agreed to have a line drawn 8 without much regard to the charters. 几年后，他们死去时其继承人同意不严格遵守宪章画出一条边界线，
　　This line was finally surveyed by two English engineers, Mason and Dixon, and is always called after their names. 这条线最终由英国工程师梅森和迪克逊勘定，通常被叫做“梅森和迪克森边界线”，
　　It is the present boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland. 这就是今天宾夕法尼亚和马里兰之间的边界线。
　　In colonial days it separated the colonies where slavery was the rule from those where labor 9 was generally free. 在殖民年代，这条线将奴隶制殖民地和自由劳动的殖民地分开来；
　　In the first half of the nineteenth century it separated the free states from the slave states. 19世纪上半叶，这条线将自由的州和奴隶州隔离开来。
　　Mason and Dixon's line, therefore, has been a famous line in the history of the United States. 因此，梅森和迪克森界线在美国历史上是一条非常著名的线。