美国学生历史 第27期:殖民地的发展(2)

 　　84. The New Arrangements. 84．新协定

　　For a year or two William was very busy in Ireland and on the continent. 有一两年的时间，威廉奔走于爱尔兰和大陆之间，
　　At length he had time to attend to colonial affairs. 终于，他有了时间参加殖民事务管理。
　　He appointed royal governors for both Pennsylvania and Maryland. 威廉为宾夕法尼亚和马里兰任命王室总督，
　　William Penn soon had his colony given back to him; 威廉·佩恩迅速收回自己的殖民地，
　　but the Baltimores had to wait many years before they recovered Maryland. 但是，巴尔的摩人不得不等到夺回马里兰才收回自己的殖民地，他们等了许多年。
　　In New York there was a dreadful tragedy. 纽约发生了一场可怕的灾难，
　　For the new governor, Slaughter 1, was persuaded to order the execution of the leaders in the rising against Andros. 新任总督斯劳特尔被说服判处那些带头反叛安德罗斯的人死刑。
　　Massachusetts did not get her old charter back, but she got another charter. 马萨诸塞没有恢复其旧有宪章，但是，她得到另外一份宪章，
　　This provided that the king should appoint the governor, but the people should elect a House of Representatives. 这份宪章规定，国王应该派来总督，但人们应该选出一个众议院，
　　The most important result of this new arrangement was a series of disputes between the king's governor and the people's representatives. 这个新协定最重要的影响是导致总督与人民的议员之间的分歧。
　　Maine and New Plymouth were included in Massachusetts under the new charter. 缅因和新普利茅斯按照新宪章被纳入马萨诸塞，
　　But New Hampshire remained a royal province. 但新罕布什尔仍然是王室的一个省。
　　85. The Colonies, 1700—60. 85．殖民地（1700——1760年）
　　During these years immigrants thronged 2 to America, and the colonies became constantly stronger. 这些年间移民纷纷涌进美洲，殖民地不断强大起来。
　　Commerce everywhere developed, and many manufactures were established. 各地竞相发展商业，并建了许多工厂。
　　Throughout the colonies the people everywhere gained power, 殖民地处处鼓励人们从事劳动，
　　and had it not been for the French and Indian wars they would have been happy. 如果没有与印地安人和法国人的战争他们会非常幸福。
　　Aside from these wars the most important events of these years were the overthrow 3 of the Carolina proprietors 4 and the founding of Georgia.  除了这些战争，这些年间最重要的事件是卡罗莱纳领主制的废除和佐治亚的创建。
　　86. North and South Carolina. 86．北卡罗莱纳和南卡罗莱纳
　　The Carolina proprietors and their colonists 5 had never got on well together. They now got on worse than ever. 卡罗莱纳的领主和殖民地居民一向关系不合，现在更为紧张。
　　The greater part of the colonists were not members of the Established Church; 大部分殖民地居民不进指定的教堂，
　　but the proprietors tried to take away the right to vote from all persons who were not of that faith. 但是，私有者试图剥夺那些不忠于教会的人的投票权。
　　They also interfered 6 in elections, and tried to prevent the formation of a true representative assembly. 他们还干涉选举，试图阻止真实代表参加集会。
　　They could not protect the people against the pirates who blockaded Charleston for weeks at a time. 他们不能保护人民，使之免于海盗的侵扰，这些海盗曾经围堵查理斯顿数周。
　　In 1719 the people of Charleston rebelled. The king then interfered, and appointed a royal governor. 1719年，查理斯顿的人们起义，国王随后予以干涉，并派出一名王室成员做总督，
　　Later he bought out the rights of the proprietors. In this way Carolina became a royal province. 后来，国王买下了领主们的所有权利，这样卡罗莱纳变成了王室的一个省，
　　It was soon divided into two provinces, North Carolina and South Carolina. 很快这个地区被分为两个部分——南卡罗莱纳和北卡罗莱纳。
　　But there had always been two separate colonies in Carolina. 其实，在卡罗莱纳一直以来都存在两个独立的殖民地。