美国学生历史 第17期:新英格兰(4)

 　　52. The Pequod War, 1637. 52．皮库德之战（1637年）

　　The Pequod Indians were not so ready as the Dutch to admit that resistance was hopeless. 皮库德的印第安人并不像荷兰人一样认为抵抗毫无希望，
　　They attacked Wethersfield. They killed several colonists 1, and carried others away into captivity 2. 他们向怀特菲尔德发起进攻，杀死一些殖民者并将另一些殖民者关进大牢。
　　Captain John Mason of Connecticut and Captain John Underhill of Massachusetts went against them with about one hundred men. 康涅狄格的长官约翰·梅森和马萨诸塞的长官约翰·安得希尔带领一百人前往镇压，
　　They surprised the Indians in their fort. 他们向要塞中的印第安人发动突然袭击，
　　They set fire to the fort, and shot down the Indians as they strove to escape from their burning wigwams. 开枪射杀那些试图从起火的窝棚中逃跑的印第安人，
　　In a short time the Pequod tribe was destroyed. 很快，皮库德部族被摧毁了。
　　53. The First American Constitution, 1638-39. 53．第一部美国宪法（1638——1639年）
　　The Connecticut colonists had leisure now to settle the form of their government. 此时，康涅狄格的殖民者有时间对他们的政府架构做出形式调整。
　　Massachusetts had such a liberal charter that nothing more seemed to be necessary in that colony. 《“五月花”号公约》足以管理朝圣者，
　　The Mayflower Compact did well enough for the Pilgrims. 但是，康涅狄格人没有特许状，
　　The Connecticut people had no charter, and they wanted something more definite than a vague compact. 他们需要一个比模糊合约更为确定性的东西。
　　So in the winter of 1638-39 they met at Hartford and set down on paper a complete set of rules for their guidance. 因此，1638——1639年他们在哈特福德集会以书面形式制定一整套导引其生活的规则。
　　This was the first time in the history of the English race that any people had tried to do this. 虽然所有的民族都曾经试图这么做过，但是，在历史上真正像英国人这么去做是第一次。
　　The Connecticut constitution of 1638-39 is therefore looked upon as "the first truly political written constitution in history." 因此，《1638——1639康涅狄格宪法》被认为是“历史上第一部书面的、真正具有政治意义的宪法”。
　　The government thus established was very much the same as that of Massachusetts 由此组建的政府非常接近于马萨诸塞的政府，
　　with the exception that in Connecticut there was no religious condition for the right to vote as there was in Massachusetts. 只不过，与马萨诸塞不同，在康涅狄格不给投票权附加上任何宗教条件。
　　54. New Haven 3, 1638. 54．纽黑文（1638年）
　　The settlers of New Haven went even farther than the Massachusetts rulers and held that the State should really be a part of the Church. 移居纽黑文的人比马萨诸塞的统治者更为激进，他们认为这个地方其实应该是教堂的一部分。
　　Massachusetts was not entirely 4 to their tastes. 马萨诸塞并不完全符合这些人的口味，
　　They passed only one winter there and then moved away and settled New Haven. 他们仅仅在马萨诸塞待了一个冬天便来到纽黑文，
　　But this colony was not well situated 5 for commerce, and was too near the Dutch settlements. 但是，这个殖民地不适合商业贸易，并且距离荷兰人的聚居地也太近。
　　It was never as prosperous as Connecticut and was finally joined to that colony. 纽黑文从未像康涅狄格那么繁荣，最终它被并入康涅狄格。