时间:2018-12-27 作者:英语课 分类:英语早间课堂


英语课
这道题在语法上的问题关键是分清句子的结构层次,从而正确的使用时态和语态。这道题的关键语法现象是过去完成时,现在完成时和完成式的过去分词。那么这3种语法现象在我们的题目中具体体现在哪里呢?我们下面就逐一来看。
 
【句子结构分析】
 
我们先来看完整的句子——At one time, I had really been in prison and I turned over a new leaf, having been released from jail. However, some of them have been on my case about what I did five years ago. 我曾经在五年前做过监狱,释放后我改过自新了,可是人们还是处处找我的茬儿,挑我的刺。
 
上面是2个句子:第一个句子是并列复合句,并列复合句中又含有一个有分词短语的复合句。第二个句子由副词作转则,紧接一个复合句。
 
第一句子中,连词是and,表示“转折”关系,意思是“但是”,相当于“but”。由and连接的第一个分句是“At one time, I had really been in prison.”这个句子是简单句。句中at one time是介词短语做时间状语。由and连接的第二个分句是——I turned over a new leaf, having been released from jail. 这个分句含有一个过去分词短语——having been released from jail,这个过去分词短语在句中做时间状语。
 
接下来由副词however作为转折,紧接的复合句是——some of them have been on my case about what I did five years ago. 这个复合句的主句是——some of them have been on my case,介词“about”后面跟有一个宾语从句——what I did five years ago。
 
【语法精讲】
 
[完成式的过去分词短语]
 
现在我们来看分词短语,分词短语是having been released,这个是完成式的过去分词短语。我们分三步来讲。
 
第一、为何这里要用过去分词,而不用现在分词呢?上回我们说了release的意思和用法,它的意思是使.....释放出来,解脱出来,用法是release sb/ sth from sth。那么,我们把句子主干“I had really been in prison”中的主语I放入分词短语中是release me from jail,它在分词短语中作宾语,那么主语I和release之间的关系是被动关系,所以用过去分词。
 
第二、我们要掌握分词短语可以做时间状语的功能。我们可以把“having been released from jail”这个分词短语改为时间状语从句——after I had been released from jail。
 
第三、含有分词短语的句子是一个是复合句,我们就要看主干句子和分词短语中的谓语所描述的现象的先后关系。主干句子中的谓语是turn over a new leaf,分词短语中的谓语是release from jail。“我从监狱出来了”在“我改过自新”前,turn over a new leaf使用的一般过去时——turned over a new leaf。因此,分词短语就要用完成式,那么第一步我们知道了要用过去分词,这时就要用完成式的过分分词形式。么完成式的过去分词结构为having + been +过去分词,即:have been released from jail。
 
[过去完成时]
 
下面我们来看过去完成时。
 
第一、并列复合句中的第一个分句使用过去完成时。我们来看这2个分句的谓语所描述的现象的先后关系。第一个分句的谓语说的是“坐过监狱”(I was in prison),第二个分句说的是“我改过自新”(I turned over a new leaf),这2个情况是“我坐牢”在“出狱后我改过自新”之前,因此要用过去完成时,即:had been in prison。
 
第二、过去分词中也是过去完成时,如果将分词短语改为状语从句就是I had been released from jail。
 
[现在完成时]
 
接下来,我们来看现在完成时。
 
我们说了这是2个句子,换句话说,就是有上下文。上句是说“我改过自新”了,下句是说“我释放出来后改过自新,不再做违法之事”从那一时候起,人们还是抓住我的小辫子不放,依旧对我的过去说长道短。因此这里就要用现在完成时,have been on my case。
 
转自可可英语

学英语单词
-parcin
a nit
a random shot
adynamia
alphageometric
ash-grey
axial exhaust
badgework
bandwidth-hogging
Barsalpur
Brouncker's series
bulk large
cacik
cap flange
carbon whisker reinforcement
cementifying fibroma
chimistic
contadine
counterfeit trademark
cryogenic process
davidsonite
deflamene
deuton(deuteron)
dipentums
Diphenylacrylate
dynamic error
eaux de cologne
electric doublet
electric machine for automatic control system
electron stimulated desorption
Eridanus
ex with benefits
family Staphylaceae
garde-tramell
gateway station
Gentiana loureiroi
genus crescentias
glass naol
gouy layer
herd book cattle
Hogival
hotel car
House of Islam
hydrogeochemical cycle
if tree
ilva
indicatorids
Jews' harps
keel line capacity
kittenball
large-scale compound integration
left exact functor
line sphere transformation
llah
Loranthoideae
lossy compression
method of making the rock equational and balanced
mild climate
modalists
multicapacity control system
music
myringotomies
natural cutoff
noncompiled
nonendurance
P&E
parlatoria fluggeae
posteriors
primary coolant water
profundipalmar
Pronsfeld
Protestant Orthodoxy
pseudoencephalitis acnta haemorrhagica superior
pull sth on
purulent cyclitis
read-out value
reconfining
reentrant cavity oscilator
reticulo-endotheliosis
right justify
Scotch blessing
Seattle Heights
sequencing token
set-valued accretive operator
shaft housing
single-furnace boiler
St. Gall
standard normal random variables
static cable
sun spot
tandem rudder
transorbitome
type of decay
until further orders
Vinocin
wecker
wind tunnel data
wing valve
word control
yesses
zoppot
zurla