时间:2018-12-27 作者:英语课 分类:英语早间课堂


英语课
这道题在语法上的问题关键是分清句子的结构层次,从而正确的使用时态和语态。这道题的关键语法现象是过去完成时,现在完成时和完成式的过去分词。那么这3种语法现象在我们的题目中具体体现在哪里呢?我们下面就逐一来看。
 
【句子结构分析】
 
我们先来看完整的句子——At one time, I had really been in prison and I turned over a new leaf, having been released from jail. However, some of them have been on my case about what I did five years ago. 我曾经在五年前做过监狱,释放后我改过自新了,可是人们还是处处找我的茬儿,挑我的刺。
 
上面是2个句子:第一个句子是并列复合句,并列复合句中又含有一个有分词短语的复合句。第二个句子由副词作转则,紧接一个复合句。
 
第一句子中,连词是and,表示“转折”关系,意思是“但是”,相当于“but”。由and连接的第一个分句是“At one time, I had really been in prison.”这个句子是简单句。句中at one time是介词短语做时间状语。由and连接的第二个分句是——I turned over a new leaf, having been released from jail. 这个分句含有一个过去分词短语——having been released from jail,这个过去分词短语在句中做时间状语。
 
接下来由副词however作为转折,紧接的复合句是——some of them have been on my case about what I did five years ago. 这个复合句的主句是——some of them have been on my case,介词“about”后面跟有一个宾语从句——what I did five years ago。
 
【语法精讲】
 
[完成式的过去分词短语]
 
现在我们来看分词短语,分词短语是having been released,这个是完成式的过去分词短语。我们分三步来讲。
 
第一、为何这里要用过去分词,而不用现在分词呢?上回我们说了release的意思和用法,它的意思是使.....释放出来,解脱出来,用法是release sb/ sth from sth。那么,我们把句子主干“I had really been in prison”中的主语I放入分词短语中是release me from jail,它在分词短语中作宾语,那么主语I和release之间的关系是被动关系,所以用过去分词。
 
第二、我们要掌握分词短语可以做时间状语的功能。我们可以把“having been released from jail”这个分词短语改为时间状语从句——after I had been released from jail。
 
第三、含有分词短语的句子是一个是复合句,我们就要看主干句子和分词短语中的谓语所描述的现象的先后关系。主干句子中的谓语是turn over a new leaf,分词短语中的谓语是release from jail。“我从监狱出来了”在“我改过自新”前,turn over a new leaf使用的一般过去时——turned over a new leaf。因此,分词短语就要用完成式,那么第一步我们知道了要用过去分词,这时就要用完成式的过分分词形式。么完成式的过去分词结构为having + been +过去分词,即:have been released from jail。
 
[过去完成时]
 
下面我们来看过去完成时。
 
第一、并列复合句中的第一个分句使用过去完成时。我们来看这2个分句的谓语所描述的现象的先后关系。第一个分句的谓语说的是“坐过监狱”(I was in prison),第二个分句说的是“我改过自新”(I turned over a new leaf),这2个情况是“我坐牢”在“出狱后我改过自新”之前,因此要用过去完成时,即:had been in prison。
 
第二、过去分词中也是过去完成时,如果将分词短语改为状语从句就是I had been released from jail。
 
[现在完成时]
 
接下来,我们来看现在完成时。
 
我们说了这是2个句子,换句话说,就是有上下文。上句是说“我改过自新”了,下句是说“我释放出来后改过自新,不再做违法之事”从那一时候起,人们还是抓住我的小辫子不放,依旧对我的过去说长道短。因此这里就要用现在完成时,have been on my case。
 
转自可可英语

学英语单词
advance payment of premium
amplitude (of vibration)
armpac
assembly program
bare nucleus
bcoa
be thought
belly-ful
Berzelius
British Isles
carry-over effect
casarella
cathode bar
chahah burjal
checkspoint
choroidal angioma
citric acid test
cold reactor operator license
color mixer
compound forward-wave amplifier tube
convergent lady beetle
copy-book morality
cultural system
cyazofamid
differentiation strategy
editing controller
Endydol
esophageal-pressure transducer
exalitre
fawning on
Filicium
flood distribution
glass stain
hand-measured staple length
hatch foreman
historical metallurgy
hoplia shibatai yushana
horse-shoe gate
Huanzo, Cord.de
hyatt regency
hydro-basaluminite
hylaeochampsids
hypogenitalism
inequal heating
integrated vco
item of duty
joint method of agreement and difference
kid lay
kodaks
Kurtty
line-breedings
lowest atmospheric layer
lphas
magnetically soft steel
Maher Seamount
MCEB
micro-emission spectroscopy
military prison
miniature teaching
much at one
national coalition for clean air
negative creep
nkgb
non reversing rolling mill
octanoyl peroxide
onhand
Orthonectida
passive reconnaissance
pentanolinitris
periodic rejuvenation of the oldline
podagric
polychloriznated
prostatic venous plexus
psychology of literary and artistic creation
pulse laser system
sandtofts
Se-baptism
set up an account
shoot questions at someone
silveriest
single operator direct current arc generator
snowsport
specification interrupt
speech-to-text conversion
ST_order-and-sequence_before-after-and-already
store ship
stratum pigmenti retin?
syngnathus schlegeli
tabular spar(wollastonite)
taking back
temporary realm
Thiron-Gardais
toss ... about
transverve stability
tubeufia miscanthi
turbine floor
twoo
tyrolienne (austria)
uhs
underdowns
whitelock
William Hoover