科学美国人60秒 SSS High Fiber Diet Keeps Intestinal Walls Intact
时间：2018-12-24 作者：英语课 分类：2016年Scientific American(十一)月
Your nose may be the first place you think of as a source of mucus. But mucus is a major player in your gut 1, too. "There's antimicrobial peptides and proteins that are present in there. Bacteria live in there and forage 2 on the carbohydrates 3. And it's a lubricant, it helps sweep contents down the GI tract 4, without injuring the epithelial layer."
Eric Martens, a microbiologist at the University of Michigan. He says farther down the GI tract, in the colon 5, the mucus builds a wall: a barrier against friendly bacteria, "as well as pathogens that could be transiting 6 through." But here's the problem: your gut bacteria may chew right through that wall—if you skimp 7 on fiber 8 in your diet.
Martens and his team modeled that scenario 9 in mice who'd been born free of microbes. They seeded the mice's guts 10 with a human gut microbiome—then fed them a high-fiber diet: raw milled corn, whole wheat, whole soybeans and oats. "It's about as raw of a diet as you can get." The human equivalent: double our recommended daily intake 11 of fiber. "It's a lot of kale."
That extreme high-fiber diet helped keep the mucus barrier intact. But in mice that had zero fiber—or the kind of soluble 12 fiber typically added to processed foods—the fiber-eating members of the gut dwindled 13. Their absence opened up more real estate for mucus-munching bacteria, which boomed in number, and tore through the protective mucus wall—leaving intestinal 14 cells open for microbial attack. The study is in the journal Cell. [Mahesh S. Desai et al., A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility]
The results suggest that "the recent history of your diet could predispose how you react to an enteric pathogen." And they're yet another endorsement 15 of the magical properties of plant fiber. "Eating natural vegetables, raw vegetables, cooked veggies, whole grains, is definitely good for you." The good news is, the mice's gut bacteria bounced back within a day to a change in diet. So eat for the gut you want. Not the gut you have.
—Christopher Intagliata
- It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
- My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
- They were forced to forage for clothing and fuel.他们不得不去寻找衣服和燃料。
- Now the nutritive value of the forage is reduced.此时牧草的营养价值也下降了。
- The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
- He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
- He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
- Here,too,the colon must be followed by a dash.这里也是一样，应当在冒号后加破折号。
- The colon is the locus of a large concentration of bacteria.结肠是大浓度的细菌所在地。
- The effect of the transiting mechanic required reserve system vehicle is low. 准备金制度的传导机制的作用是很低的。
- I was busy transiting to the telescope. 我正忙着旋转望远镜。
- She had to skimp to send her son to college.她必须节俭来供她儿子上大学。
- Older people shouldn't skimp on food or heating.老年人不应过分吝惜食物或取暖方面的开销。
- The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
- The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
- But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
- This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。
- I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净，我只需烧一下即可。
- Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
- There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
- These tablets are soluble in water.这些药片可在水中溶解。
- Camphor is soluble in alcohol.樟脑在酒精中可以溶化。
- Support for the party has dwindled away to nothing. 支持这个党派的人渐渐化为乌有。
- His wealth dwindled to nothingness. 他的钱财化为乌有。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
- This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句
- We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。
- His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。