时间:2018-12-19 作者:英语课 分类:TED演讲教育篇


英语课

   Here's how shape works in normal receptors.  这里展示的是形状是如何对通常的感受器起作用的。


  You have a molecule 1 coming in, it gets into the protein, which is schematic here,  一个分子进来,进到蛋白质里,图中所示意的就是蛋白质,
  and it causes this thing to switch, to turn, to move in some way by binding 2 in certain parts.  通过合并某些部分,它让这个东西转变、旋转向某个方向移动起来。
  And the attraction, the forces, between the molecule and the protein cause the motion. This is a shape-based idea. 分子和蛋白质之间的互相吸引和作用力造成了运动。这是基于形状理论的想法。
  Now, what's wrong with shape is summarized in this slide.  这张幻灯片总结了为什么形状理论是错误的。
  The way --I expect everybody to memorize these compounds.  这种方式--我希望每一个人把这些化合物都记住。
  This is one page of work from a chemist's workbook, OK?  这是一个化学家工作手册中的一页。
  Working for a fragrance 3 company.  他为一家香水公司工作。
  He's making 45 molecules 4, and he's looking for a sandalwood, something that smells of sandalwood.  他要制造45个分子,他正在寻找檀香料就是闻起来像檀香木的东西。
  Because there's a lot of money in sandalwoods.  因为檀香木很贵。
  And of these 45 molecules, only 4629 actually smells of sandalwood.  在这45个分子之中只有编号为4629的闻起来像檀香木。
  And he puts an exclamation 5 mark, OK?  于是他在上面标注了一个感叹号。
  This is an awful lot of work.  这个工作量很大。
  This actually is roughly, in man-years of work, 200,000 dollars roughly, if you keep them on the low salaries with no benefits.  在低酬劳和没有福利的条件下,这大概是一个人好几年的工作量,大约需要20万美金。
  So this is a profoundly inefficient 6 process.  这是一个效率极低的过程。
  And my definition of a theory is, it's not just something that you teach people; it's labor 7 saving.  我认为“理论”不仅是可以拿来教授别人的东西,同时也是节约劳动力的东西。
  A theory is something that enables you to do less work. 一个理论可以使人们做更少的工作。
  I love the idea of doing less work.  我喜欢少做工作这个想法。
  So let me explain to you why -- a very simple fact that tells you why this shape theory really does not work very well. 让我来解释为什么,一个非常简单的事实,它会告诉你们为什么形状的理论并不成立。
  This is cis-3-hexene-1-ol. It smells of cut grass.  这是顺式-3-已烯-1-醇。闻起来像割下来的青草。
  This is cis-3-hexene-1-thiol, and this smells of rotten eggs, OK?  这是顺式-3-已烯-1-硫醇,闻起来像臭鸡蛋。
  Now, you will have noticed that vodka never smells of rotten eggs, OK?  现在,你们一定已经意识到伏特加酒闻起来绝不像臭鸡蛋。
  If it does, you put the glass down, you go to a different bar.  如果闻起来像的话,你就把杯子放下去另外一家酒吧。
  This is -- in other words, we never get the O-H -- we never mistake it for an S-H, OK?  这是--换句话说,我们绝对不会把S-H错误地认为是O-H。
  Like, at no concentration, even pure, you know, if you smelt 8 pure ethanol, it doesn't smell of rotten eggs.  无论是在什么样的浓度甚至是纯的情况下,如果你闻到纯的乙醇,它闻起来绝对不像臭鸡蛋。
  Conversely, there is no concentration at which the sulfur 9 compound will smell like vodka.  相反,无论在什么浓度下,硫化合物会闻起来都不会像伏特加酒。
  It's very hard to explain this by molecular 10 recognition.  用分子识别来解释这个问题难度很大。
  Now, I showed this to a physicist 11 friend of mine who has a profound distaste for biology,  我把问题拿给我的一个物理学家朋友看,他一点也不喜欢生物,
  and he says, "That's easy! The things are a different color!"  他说“这太简单了!两个东西的颜色不一样啊!”

1 molecule
n.分子,克分子
  • A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈̬f婘̬ 妈̬成的。
  • This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。
2 binding
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
3 fragrance
n.芬芳,香味,香气
  • The apple blossoms filled the air with their fragrance.苹果花使空气充满香味。
  • The fragrance of lavender filled the room.房间里充满了薰衣草的香味。
4 molecules
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
  • The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
5 exclamation
n.感叹号,惊呼,惊叹词
  • He could not restrain an exclamation of approval.他禁不住喝一声采。
  • The author used three exclamation marks at the end of the last sentence to wake up the readers.作者在文章的最后一句连用了三个惊叹号,以引起读者的注意。
6 inefficient
adj.效率低的,无效的
  • The inefficient operation cost the firm a lot of money.低效率的运作使该公司损失了许多钱。
  • Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。
7 labor
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
8 smelt
v.熔解,熔炼;n.银白鱼,胡瓜鱼
  • Tin is a comparatively easy metal to smelt.锡是比较容易熔化的金属。
  • Darby was looking for a way to improve iron when he hit upon the idea of smelting it with coke instead of charcoal.达比一直在寻找改善铁质的方法,他猛然想到可以不用木炭熔炼,而改用焦炭。
9 sulfur
n.硫,硫磺(=sulphur)
  • Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
  • Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。
10 molecular
adj.分子的;克分子的
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
11 physicist
n.物理学家,研究物理学的人
  • He is a physicist of the first rank.他是一流的物理学家。
  • The successful physicist never puts on airs.这位卓有成就的物理学家从不摆架子。
标签: TED演讲
学英语单词
a. c. nielsen
acylphosphatase
aeacid
air floatation correction coefficient
allthing
ballast trim
Bayes method
bertosamil
bulldikes
calculator with reverse-Polish notation logic
Caruncula lacrimalis
Caulobacter vibrioides
chain plate
classification records
comm mode
community rate of return
comparison line
continental fingering
contraprovector
Davisville Glacier
device independent bitmap
diptilomiopus cumingis
doily
double ridges
drive to maturity
eazily
El Campanario, Cerro
electronic ventilator
embolomerous vertebra
endurance chart
exposure river
fairleigh
fenestralis
fibre composite material
fieldvole
flame flower
florescences
follower flange
Forest-depot
Francis Ford Coppola
funnel erosion
g.s.i
genus phacochoeruss
gill monogenean diseae
glossal
hamadou
heat-transfer machine
immunoradiometry
inferior temporal line
infiltrating tumor
insert blocks
kinematic(al) viscosity
Koch's postulate
L. & T.
lift roller
limited-english
link group
mccoun
mule-spinners' cancer
multiple rotor mixer
news agencies
objective and procedure
oligonitrophile
orchat
organic finish
Palaeomastodon
persulphide
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate
pimentel
Prinia
Priodontes
profit on sold of securities
psychopathologically
pyodermia chronica papillaris et exulcerans
quarter bend
R. C.
reactive hemorrhage
read out information
reinvent the wheel
resource protection
retracing
Rupe.) Maxim.
saltation flow
settlement of accident
several complex variables
sooty albatross
spring-loaded leather seal
St-Mesmin
stentorship
storage rot
student affairs
suicide-attackers
tacking (hole)
taken a gander
thrust bearing housing
to provide staff
tons
toysome
transilient fibers
transverters
washington i. (teraina)
zero page mode