英语语法精粹:常见动词的错误用法
时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛病都和动词有关。有时,连常用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所差别,如“ rise”和“raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“ see”和“see to”,“search”和“search for ”便是。
下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
① Sam raises very early every morning.
② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
大家知道,raise是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语; rise是个不及物动词,意思是“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错;raises和rises必须对换才对。
③ He remained in the Holiday Inn 1.
④ The flowers stayed on the branches.
英语的remain是“留下来”;stay是“暂住”。显然的,③和④ 是不合逻辑的,remained 和stayed必须互换。
⑤ A crook 2 robbed 3 her money.
⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.
虽然robbed和stole都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在这里的用法不当。Steal要跟着被偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;rob的宾语是“人”或“处所”。因此,⑤和⑥的robbed和stole要掉转一下。
类似的例子还有下面这些:
⑦ a. mend b. repair
这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用mend;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,则用repair,如:
⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.
⑧a. burned b. burnt
这两个动词是burn的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没宾语时用“burned”,如:
⑧a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
至于“动词”和“助动+介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
从语感就知道,⑨和⑩里的searched和searched for是倒置了。 ⑨要的是“寻找”(searched for);⑩要的是“检查”(searched ),两者对换才是。
⑾The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
⑿Their business grows up rapidly 4.
英语的grow是“发展”;grow up是“长大”。显然的,(11)和(12) 的两个动词又误用了,要对调一下。
上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂特殊的用法呢?
下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
① Sam raises very early every morning.
② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
大家知道,raise是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语; rise是个不及物动词,意思是“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错;raises和rises必须对换才对。
③ He remained in the Holiday Inn 1.
④ The flowers stayed on the branches.
英语的remain是“留下来”;stay是“暂住”。显然的,③和④ 是不合逻辑的,remained 和stayed必须互换。
⑤ A crook 2 robbed 3 her money.
⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.
虽然robbed和stole都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在这里的用法不当。Steal要跟着被偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;rob的宾语是“人”或“处所”。因此,⑤和⑥的robbed和stole要掉转一下。
类似的例子还有下面这些:
⑦ a. mend b. repair
这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用mend;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,则用repair,如:
⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.
⑧a. burned b. burnt
这两个动词是burn的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没宾语时用“burned”,如:
⑧a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
至于“动词”和“助动+介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
从语感就知道,⑨和⑩里的searched和searched for是倒置了。 ⑨要的是“寻找”(searched for);⑩要的是“检查”(searched ),两者对换才是。
⑾The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
⑿Their business grows up rapidly 4.
英语的grow是“发展”;grow up是“长大”。显然的,(11)和(12) 的两个动词又误用了,要对调一下。
上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂特殊的用法呢?
1 inn
n.小旅馆,客栈;小酒店,小饭店
- I shall lodge at the inn for two nights.我要在这家小店住两个晚上。
- We stayed in a small village inn,right off the map.我们住在一家偏僻的乡村小店里。
2 crook
v.使弯曲;n.小偷,骗子,贼;弯曲(处)
- He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错。
- She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.她用手臂挎着一个小包裹。
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