时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课
  英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛病都和动词有关。有时,连常用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所差别,如“ rise”和“raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“ see”和“see to”,“search”和“search for ”便是。
  下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
  ① Sam raises very early every morning.
  ② The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
  大家知道,raise是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语; rise是个不及物动词,意思是“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的①和② 都错;raises和rises必须对换才对。
  ③ He remained in the Holiday Inn 1.
  ④ The flowers stayed on the branches.
  英语的remain是“留下来”;stay是“暂住”。显然的,③和④ 是不合逻辑的,remained 和stayed必须互换。
  ⑤ A crook 2 robbed 3 her money.
  ⑥ A few masked men stole a small bank last night.
  虽然robbed和stole都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在这里的用法不当。Steal要跟着被偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;rob的宾语是“人”或“处所”。因此,⑤和⑥的robbed和stole要掉转一下。
  类似的例子还有下面这些:
  ⑦ a. mend b. repair
  这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用mend;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,则用repair,如:
  ⑦a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
  ⑦b. It took some time to repair the road.
  ⑧a. burned b. burnt
  这两个动词是burn的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没宾语时用“burned”,如:
  ⑧a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
  ⑧b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
  至于“动词”和“助动+介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
  ⑨ The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
  ⑩ I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
  从语感就知道,⑨和⑩里的searched和searched for是倒置了。 ⑨要的是“寻找”(searched for);⑩要的是“检查”(searched ),两者对换才是。
  ⑾The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
  ⑿Their business grows up rapidly 4.
  英语的grow是“发展”;grow up是“长大”。显然的,(11)和(12) 的两个动词又误用了,要对调一下。
  上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂特殊的用法呢?

1 inn
n.小旅馆,客栈;小酒店,小饭店
  • I shall lodge at the inn for two nights.我要在这家小店住两个晚上。
  • We stayed in a small village inn,right off the map.我们住在一家偏僻的乡村小店里。
2 crook
v.使弯曲;n.小偷,骗子,贼;弯曲(处)
  • He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错。
  • She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.她用手臂挎着一个小包裹。
3 robbed
v.抢夺( rob的过去式和过去分词 );抢劫;掠夺;使丧失
  • Would you be able to identify the man who robbed you? 你能够认出那个抢你东西的人吗? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They stood looking on while the man was robbed. 正当那个人被抢劫时,他们却站在那儿袖手旁观。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 rapidly
adv.快地,迅速地
  • The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司近五年来迅速地发展壮大。
  • Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.天气炎热的时候,冰很快就化为水。
标签: 语法
学英语单词
-orexia
abrasive hardness test
absorption current of dielectric
accommodation land(s)
Aconchada
apex point
Ba Ria
baby killers
baradar
be prepossessed by
begaumed
block floating point
cell division cycle gene
centrally planned economy
cermet of life-saving appliance
coarse-filter
combined air force
computer security verification
concrete tubular pile
cone-bearing tree
counterpropagandizing
cycloid curve
deffontaines
diethyl dichlorosilane
double-cup insulator
dresioside
ensors
estres
ethyl myristate
fingernail clam
flash light buttery
frequentflier.com
Fuirena ciliaris
genus Leucaena
half cross belt
hand-pull
have worms
hillside hitch
hook cant
hypercritic
interpretation of data
kayser-fleischer rings
leadership styles
leuco-
line telegraphy
low politics
lung fish
Luzula spicata
Manglietia conifera
market gardeners
mesocycle
microlepia marginata
Mignano
MINIA
moko-moko
mouse-deer
mousquetaire cuff
multidiameter boring cutter
multinomially
naming container
neatresse
Nicoya, Pen.de
nonactivated
nonperishable cargo
Obergriesbach
oconee bellss
optical density of cloud
over-and-over
ovula Nabothi
pall-bearer
planar growth
power density profile
programme step
re-imposed
resenteth
riyaq (rayak)
Sahelian
sake-cake
satellite telecommunication with automatic routine
Severo-Baykal'skoye Nagor'ye
sheet casting
sitherope
solar cell connection
staff light
statisitic reception
sulfide ion
supplicants
Sǒnch'ǒn
tablet
testing medium
tiemaker
to the manner born
trip coil
true equinox
undulated fibrous texture
unoriented crystalline polymer
value expressive function
vanadium tribromide
vapour diagram
versatile pulse shaper
Waleys