时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   英语的否定句和英语的肯定句几乎同样普遍。与其它语言一样,英语的肯定结构较易理解,但否定结构较为复杂。对中国的英语学习者来说,有时对否定句的理解和翻译会因为搞不清楚否定的对象而弄出错误,有些否定简直成了一种陷阱,令人稍不留神就陷入其中。下面就把一些容易搞错的否定句罗列出来,提请英语学习者的注意和重视。 


  一、转移否定。转移否定结构往往貌似一般否定结构(not的位置与一般否定结构中的 not完全相同),实际上却是一种部分否定结构或是not由一部分转移到另一部分。这样的例子很多。
  
  1.all...not
  All these nations are not neutral.
  误译:所有这些国家都不是中立的。
  正译:这些国家并非个个都是中立的。
  这句话中,not否定的不是neutral,而是 all。这是一种部分否定。
  更多的例子:All that glitters is not gold.发光的不一定就是金子。
  Opportunities come to all,but all are not ready for them when they come.
  机会人人都有,但当机会到来的时候,并不是人人都做好了准备。
  
  2.every...not
  Everything is not a joke.
  误译:每件事都不是儿戏。
  正译:并非每件事都是儿戏。
  这句话中,not否定的不是joke,而是 everything。
  更多的例子:Everybody cannot do it.并非人人都能干得了这件事。
  
  3.both...not
  But you see,we both cannot go.
  误译:但是我告诉你,我们两人都不能走。
  正译:但是我告诉你,我们两人不能都走。
  这个句子中,not否定的不是go,而是 both。
  更多的例子:I do not know both of them .他们两人我只认识其中一个。
  
  4.not...because
  You should not despise a man because he is poor.
  误译:因为一个人穷,所以你不应该看不起他。
  正译:你不应该因为一个人穷就看不起他。
  在这个句子里,not否定的不是后面的动词despise,而是because he is poor。值得注意的是,这种句型是有歧义的,我们要根据上下文排除歧义。如:
  I didn't go because I was afraid.这句话有两种可能性。(1)否定的是not之后的动词 go,可以理解成I didn't go,and that was because I was afraid.我因为害怕而没有去。(2)否定的是because,可以理解成I went,but that was not because I was afraid(but because of some other reason).我不是因为害怕才去的(而是因为别的原因)。
  更多的例子:A country is not strong because it is large.国大并不等于国强。
  
  5.not...to
  They don't come to see you killed.
  误译:他们不来看你死。
  正译:他们到这儿来并不是要看你死亡的。
  在这个句子里,not否定的不是动词 come,而是to see you killed。
  
  更多的例子:He said,'Now,look,I didn't come here to get along with you guys. You're going to have to get along with me.'他说:"喂,老弟们,我到这儿来不是来听你们的,该是你们来听我的。"
  
  二、转换否定。引用薄冰英语语法书上的原话,是"在英语中常可见到一些……形式上否定而意义上则表肯定的句子"。这样的例子也有很多。
  
  6.cannot...too
  You cannot be too careful.
  误译:你不能太小心。
  正译:你越小心越好。
  英语说的cannot...too,意为"就算再……也不过分"或"越……越好",其中的can表示可能 性,too有over之意,可以换用enoug h或sufficient等字样。同时,在not的位置换用其他的否定词,如hardly,scarcely等也是可以的。因此下面5句话的意思同上面这句话的意思是完全一样的。
  You cannot be over careful.
  You cannot be careful enough.
  You cannot be sufficiently 1 careful.
  You cannot take enough care.
  You cannot take sufficient care.
  
  
  7.It is a good horse that never stumbles.
  误译:从不失蹄的马才是好马。
  正译:再好的马也有失蹄的时候。
  这个句子属于"It +be +adjective +noun+that..."句型。该句型多出现在一些谚语中, 在某些情况下,这种句型需要从反面解释。
  更多的例子:It is a long lane that has no turning.再长的胡同也有拐弯。(意思是:凡事总有变化,不会永远不变。)
  It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.哪怕是歪风也有人吹得舒服。(意思是:坏事未必 对人人都有害处。)
  
  8.He must be a fool if he does not know what I mean.
  误译:如果他不懂我的意思,他肯定是个傻瓜。
  正译:他就是再傻也会懂得我的意思。
  
  9.   She is no bigger than my mother.
  误译:她的个头不比我妈妈大。
  正译:她和我妈妈一样瘦些
  在一些no(not)+adj.比较级的句子里,意思是肯定的。
  更多的例子:I couldn't agree with you more .我极为同意你的观点。
  He was no less a person than the President.他正是总统本人。
  
  10.I never got no sleep in those days.
  误译:那些日子我从来没有不睡觉。
  正译:那些日子我怎么也睡不着。
  英语和汉语一样,本来两个否定会成为一个肯定,但有时为了强调否定的语气,在通俗的口语中 会有双重否定仍表否定的情况。
  更多的例子:"I don't know nothing about what's waiting for me,"said Thrash.施腊希说:"我不知道我未来的命运如何。"

1 sufficiently
adv.足够地,充分地
  • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
  • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
标签: 否定
学英语单词
.vss
abestosis
Achaemenid Dynasty
air brushing printing
airport simulation
alipogernetic
ambrogio damiano achille rattis
amethopterine
Amphilestidae
angular arteries
automatically-programmed tool
axial motion
axtel
bar tack
bipectinate
Book to market
Bramfield
calcium alloys
causalgias
circumstanced
cladding-material
cliff-hangings
compromise balanced hybrid circuit
Crampel
de-ionization potential
degaussing range
design deck load
diphtheriticalyl
dynateches
eccentric valve
effective perceived noise decibel
electoral division
electrovalency
enhabiting
extended precedence grammar
extraneous duty allowance
feature of bridge
gas condenser
going bonkers
graveolent
green blue laser
harrassments
heterogametic
hydraulic cylinder gasket
inexpugnableness
Juvenal
keep on doing
kish graphite spots
knee upward
lay up someone
Low price
lump sum deposit
mandible angle fracture
martynia
mims
monilicorn
mooring masts
NCFA
negative labeling
noric age
novatio
ordinary person
OSTEOGLOSSOMORPHA
overall relationship among the employee
performance-related
peso
philosopher-king
post-identity
pot-limit
pupfish
record-breakings
rotor without blades
self-excitation boundary
semi-bordered pit
Shinhan Finance Limited
span tackle block
spinogram
spiral Bourdon tube
standard real-time monitor configuration
tailgate party
take my breath away
tam'shu
tegmentospinal tract
Thornthwaite's classification of climates
thymectomies
transischiac
transit declinometers
transit- line feasibility study
troper
ultraintuitionism
umboes
unchilling
various-sized
veinite
vena vesicaliss
villeinage
voltage current transformer
Vågåmo
wilks' empty cell test
Woillez's disease
Woodville
zipped through