时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:访谈录2016年


英语课

   英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛病都和动词有关。有时,连常用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所差别,如“rise”和“raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“see”和“see to”,“search”和“search for”便是。


  下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
  (1)Sam raises very early every morning.
  (2)The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
  大家知道,raise是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语;rise是个不及物动词,意思是“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的(1)和(2)都错;raises和rises必须对换才对。
  (3)He remained in the Holiday Inn 1.
  (4)The flowers stayed on the branches.
  英语的remain是“留下来”;stay是“暂住”。显然的,(3)和(4)是不合逻辑的,remained和stayed必须互换。
  (5)A crook 2 robbed 3 her money.
  (6)虽然robbed和stole都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在这里的用法不当。Steal要跟着被偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;rob的宾语是“人”或“处所”。因此,(5)和(6)的robbed和stole要掉转一下。
  类似的例子还有下面这些:
  (7)这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用mend;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,则用repair,如:
  (7)a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
  (7)b. It took some time to repair the road.
  (8)a. burned b. burnt
  这两个动词是burn的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没宾语时用“burned”,如:
  (8)a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
  (8)b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
  至于“动词”和“助动+介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
  (9)The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
  (10)I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
  从语感就知道,(9)和(10)里的searched和searched for是倒置了。(9)要的是“寻找”(searched for);(10)要的是“检查”(searched),两者对换才是。
  (11)The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
  (12)Their business grows up rapidly 4.
  英语的grow是“发展”;grow up是“长大”。显然的,(11)和(12)的两个动词又误用了,要对调一下。
  上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂特殊的用法呢?

1 inn
n.小旅馆,客栈;小酒店,小饭店
  • I shall lodge at the inn for two nights.我要在这家小店住两个晚上。
  • We stayed in a small village inn,right off the map.我们住在一家偏僻的乡村小店里。
2 crook
v.使弯曲;n.小偷,骗子,贼;弯曲(处)
  • He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错。
  • She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.她用手臂挎着一个小包裹。
3 robbed
v.抢夺( rob的过去式和过去分词 );抢劫;掠夺;使丧失
  • Would you be able to identify the man who robbed you? 你能够认出那个抢你东西的人吗? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They stood looking on while the man was robbed. 正当那个人被抢劫时,他们却站在那儿袖手旁观。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 rapidly
adv.快地,迅速地
  • The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司近五年来迅速地发展壮大。
  • Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.天气炎热的时候,冰很快就化为水。
标签: 动词
学英语单词
Alu repetitive sequence
automatic stability
average filling losses
be set in stone
bluish fulminant vaginal discharge
bollock dagger
bridge telegraph
bubbers
canalicular
canker of pigeon
capital reconciliation account
Capitan China
choruss
cobalt dioxide
commutated current
compatible color television
Copenhagen University Botanical Garden
cyclic life
CYCLOPHOROIDEA
damns you
demagnetization curve
derispia sauteri
dried small shrimp
dummy whist
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European Commissioners
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indorsement in full
infacts
installation of rudder and steering gear
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jack shaft pedestal
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low contrast
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macroscopic interphase boundary
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overload safety device
pair-horse
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static storage investment
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thielavia terricola
throwability
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transmission countershaft reverse gear
trapezio-
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Uncaria scandens
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uproars
vertical-knife divider
very narrow beam receiver
visual observation
wfts
whitefeather
wire constant
wirewalking
zero length
Zotosetron