时间:2018-12-18 作者:英语课 分类:访谈录2016年


英语课

   英语动词是所有词类中最易犯错的一种,许多英语运用上的毛病都和动词有关。有时,连常用的动词都会有用法上的错误。例如有些动词意思相近,其实不尽然。至少,在用法上,会有所差别,如“rise”和“raise”,“stay”和“remain”便是。有些动词,单独用时是一个意思和用法,加上介词时,是另一个意思和用法,如“see”和“see to”,“search”和“search for”便是。


  下面就来详细谈谈。先看这两个句子:
  (1)Sam raises very early every morning.
  (2)The monitor rises his hand to ask a question.
  大家知道,raise是个及物动词,意思是“举起”,要有宾语;rise是个不及物动词,意思是“起身”,不可有宾语。这里的(1)和(2)都错;raises和rises必须对换才对。
  (3)He remained in the Holiday Inn 1.
  (4)The flowers stayed on the branches.
  英语的remain是“留下来”;stay是“暂住”。显然的,(3)和(4)是不合逻辑的,remained和stayed必须互换。
  (5)A crook 2 robbed 3 her money.
  (6)虽然robbed和stole都是及物动词,有自己的宾语,但是它们在这里的用法不当。Steal要跟着被偷的东西,如钱财、珠宝等;rob的宾语是“人”或“处所”。因此,(5)和(6)的robbed和stole要掉转一下。
  类似的例子还有下面这些:
  (7)这两个动词都是“修理”;不同的是:简单的工作,用mend;复杂的或需要特别仪器的事项,则用repair,如:
  (7)a. You can mend the broken part of the page with glue.
  (7)b. It took some time to repair the road.
  (8)a. burned b. burnt
  这两个动词是burn的过去式和过去分词;在句子中的岗位不同,通常有宾语时用“burnt”,没宾语时用“burned”,如:
  (8)a. The love of freedom burned in our hearts./ The candle has burned brightly for the whole night.
  (8)b. Who has burnt the paper?/ Jane burnt all the letters from her former boyfriend.
  至于“动词”和“助动+介词”的误用,我们可以看下面两组例子:
  (9)The police searched the suspects in the shopping centre, but nobody was arrested.
  (10)I searched for my pocket and found some coins.
  从语感就知道,(9)和(10)里的searched和searched for是倒置了。(9)要的是“寻找”(searched for);(10)要的是“检查”(searched),两者对换才是。
  (11)The boy says when he grows, he will be a teacher.
  (12)Their business grows up rapidly 4.
  英语的grow是“发展”;grow up是“长大”。显然的,(11)和(12)的两个动词又误用了,要对调一下。
  上面各例证明,英语动词真是不简单。看似没什么问题的,也出现了问题,更何况是复杂特殊的用法呢?

1 inn
n.小旅馆,客栈;小酒店,小饭店
  • I shall lodge at the inn for two nights.我要在这家小店住两个晚上。
  • We stayed in a small village inn,right off the map.我们住在一家偏僻的乡村小店里。
2 crook
v.使弯曲;n.小偷,骗子,贼;弯曲(处)
  • He demanded an apology from me for calling him a crook.我骂他骗子,他要我向他认错。
  • She was cradling a small parcel in the crook of her elbow.她用手臂挎着一个小包裹。
3 robbed
v.抢夺( rob的过去式和过去分词 );抢劫;掠夺;使丧失
  • Would you be able to identify the man who robbed you? 你能够认出那个抢你东西的人吗? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They stood looking on while the man was robbed. 正当那个人被抢劫时,他们却站在那儿袖手旁观。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 rapidly
adv.快地,迅速地
  • The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司近五年来迅速地发展壮大。
  • Ice changes into water rapidly on a hot day.天气炎热的时候,冰很快就化为水。
标签: 动词
学英语单词
-graphy
a mountain
acrocarps
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anti-melt finishing
atom-bound electron
beta - adrenergic receptor
calibrated thermocouple
capacitor-discharge welding
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current-voltage characteristic
Davaine's bacillus
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synapophyses
tail channel
taken precedence over
thermoplastic elastomer
time goes by
triangular ligaments of liver
upstartled
vacuum envelope
Wide Area Augmentation System
witnessest
yellow dirt
zielinski