全国公共英语等级考试四级 f1

　　[00:00.00]Part B  You will hear a lecture about child development.

[00:07.13]Answer questions 6--10 while you listen.

[00:12.33]Use not more than 8 words for each answer.

[00:18.13]You will hear the recording 1 twice.

[00:22.02]You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.

[00:27.51]1.Who is the speaker talking to?(  )

[00:29.52]2.What is the main topic of this talk?(  )

[00:31.50]3.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?()

[00:33.52]4.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?( )

[00:35.50]5.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes

[00:37.51]that four-year-olds make?( )

[00:40.80]Now,in the last few minutes of class.

[00:45.11]I'd like to address a slightly different issue:

[00:49.71]the question of how children learn to talk.

[00:54.31]Learning to speak their own language

[00:58.31]is one of children's greatest accomplishments 2,

[01:02.72]yet it is a somewhat mysterious process.

[01:07.60]Children first begin to make language-like noises

[01:12.52]when they are between two and four months old.

[01:17.30]These noises generally begin with the letters 'g'and 'k'

[01:22.99]and because these sounds -- "goo" and "koo"

[01:28.29]--are the easiest sounds for infant mouths to make.

[01:33.57]Between four months and eight months,

[01:37.75]infants begin to babble 3 meaningless syllables 4.

[01:42.77]Most common are those beginning with p,b,d,m,.or n sounds,

[01:51.26]followed by a vowel 5 sound.

[01:55.04]Parents sometimes misinterpret these as actual words,such as mama or dada.

[02:03.04]Between six months and a year,babies say their first true words.

[02:09.54]Vocabulary grows slowly at first, usually only a few words a month,

[02:16.33]but once child has learned about Fifty words

[02:21.14]-- generally around 18 months--the pace picks up rapidly.

[02:27.23]At first,children say single words;

[02:32.03]then they begin forming two-word combinations:

[02:37.34]"all gone.""more milk," "see doggie."

[02:42.74]Children's two word combinations are so similar the world over

[02:49.04]that they read like translations of one another.

[02:53.92]Between the age of two and three,

[02:58.23]children can form complete sentences and have mastered the basis of grammar.

[03:05.13]Can you believe it?

[03:07.92]A two-and-a-half-year-old toddler is a grammatical genius

[03:14.22]and all without studying a single rule!

[03:19.00]Typically,four-year-olds know some 15,000 words

[03:25.01]and can form very sophisticated sentences.

[03:29.82]Even their mistakes are very logical:

[03:34.49]"I saw two mans" or "We goed to gramma's house."

[03:41.07]So,how does this all happen?

[03:45.28]Well,there are several conflicting theories about language acquisition

[03:51.78]but unfortunately,

[03:54.79]there just isn't time to discuss them today,

[03:59.57]so we'll take them up in Wednesday's class.

[04:03.96]In the meantime,please read Chapter Eight in your textbook.

[04:09.44]See you Wednesday.

[04:12.32]1.Who is the speaker talking to?( )

[04:14.30]2.What is the main topic of this talk?( )

[04:16.29]3.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?()

[04:18.27]4.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?( )

[04:20.28]5.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes

[04:22.27]that four-year-olds make?()

[04:25.27]Now you will hear the recording again.

[04:29.37]Now,in the last few minutes of class.

[04:33.68]I'd like to address a slightly different issue:

[04:38.28]the question of how children learn to talk.

[04:42.67]Learning to speak their own language

[04:47.16]is one of children's greatest accomplishments,

[04:51.66]yet it is a somewhat mysterious process.

[04:56.54]Children first begin to make language-like noises

[05:01.95]when they are between two and four months old.

[05:06.55]These noises generally begin with the letters 'g' and 'k'

[05:13.26]because these sounds -- "goo" and "koo"

[05:18.64]-- are the easiest sounds for infant mouths to make.

[05:23.94]Between four months and eight months,

[05:28.15]infants begin to babble meaningless syllables.

[05:33.06]Most common are those beginning with p,b,d,m,.or n sounds,

[05:41.66]followed by a vowel sound.

[05:45.34]Parents sometimes misinterpret these as actual words,such as mama or dada.

[05:53.41]Between six months and a year,babies say their first true words.

[05:59.89]Vocabulary grows slowly at first,usually only a few words a month,

[06:06.71]but once child has learned about Fifty words

[06:11.49]--generally around 18 months--the pace picks up rapidly.

[06:17.57]At first,children say single words;

[06:22.38]then they begin forming two-word combinations:"all gone."

[06:28.47]"more milk," "see doggie."

[06:32.67]Children's two word combinations are so similar the world over

[06:38.97]that they read like translations of one another.

[06:43.96]Between the age of two and three,

[06:48.14]children can form complete sentences

[06:52.55]and have mastered the basis of grammar.

[06:56.84]Can you believe it?

[06:59.71]A two-and-a-half- year-old toddler is a grammatical genius

[07:05.59]and all without studying a single rule!

[07:10.29]Typically,four-year-olds know some 15,000 words

[07:16.30]and can form very sophisticated sentences.

[07:21.10]Even their mistakes are very logical:

[07:25.78]"I saw two mans" or "We goed to gramma's house."

[07:32.08]So,how does this all happen?

[07:36.25]Well,there are several conflicting theories about language acquisition

[07:42.63]but unfortunately,

[07:45.71]there just isn't time to discuss them today,

[07:50.52]so we'll take them up in Wednesday's class.

[07:54.80]In the meantime,please read Chapter Eight in your textbook.

[08:00.29]See you Wednesday.

[08:03.29]Question 6-10 according to Part B

[08:05.28]6.Who is the speaker talking to?(  )

[08:07.21]7.What is the main topic of this talk?(  )

[08:09.22]8.When do children first begin to make language-like noises?(  )

[08:11.21]9.At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?(  )

[08:13.22]10.What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes

[08:15.20]that four-year-olds make?(  )

[08:19.20]This is the end of Part B.