全国公共英语等级考试四级 d1

　　[00:00.00]Part B   You will hear a lecture on movie making.

[00:06.84]Answer questions 6--10 while you listen.

[00:12.23]Use not more than 5 words for each answer.

[00:17.82]You will hear the recording 1 twice.

[00:21.92]You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.

[00:27.30]1.What kind of camera shots were generally used before Griffith's days?

[00:29.28]2.What was first used in the film For Love of Gold?

[00:33.62]3.For what purpose was the close-up used in The Great Train Robbery?

[00:37.30]4.When was the film After Many Years produced?

[00:42.79]5.Where was Annie Lee's husband in After Many Years?

[00:48.14]Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie making

[00:56.14]in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

[01:01.83]Before the pioneering films of D.W.Griffith's,

[01:07.74]film-makers were limited by several misguided conventions of the era.

[01:14.74]According to one,the camera was always fixed 2 at a viewpoint

[01:21.74]corresponding to that of the spectator in the theater,

[01:27.22]a position now known as the long shot.

[01:32.50]It was another convention

[01:36.47]that the position of the camera never changed in the middle of a scene.

[01:42.56]In last week's film,we saw how Griffith ignored both these limiting conventions

[01:50.55]and brought the camera closer to the actor.

[01:55.67]This shot,now known as the full shot,

[02:01.26]was considered revolutionary at the time.

[02:06.35]For Love of Gold

[02:11.06]was the name of the film in which we saw the first use of the full shot.

[02:17.77]After progressing from the long shot to the full shot,

[02:23.96]the next logical step for Griffith was to bring in the camera still closer,

[02:31.67]in what is now called the close-up.

[02:36.26]The close-up had been used before,

[02:41.46]though only rarely and merely as a visual stunt 3,

[02:47.37]as for example in Edwin Espoter's.

[02:52.67]The Great Train Robbery,which was made in 1903.

[02:59.17]But not until 1908 in Griffith's movie called After Many Years

[03:07.56]was the dramatic potential of the close-up first exploited.

[03:13.96]In a scene from After Many years that we are about to see,

[03:20.67]pay special attention to the close-up of Annie Lee's worried face

[03:26.37]as she awaits her husband's return.

[03:30.96]In 1908 this close-up shocked everyone in the movie making world,

[03:38.46]but Griffith had no time for argument.

[03:43.37]He had another surprise even more radical 4 to offer.

[03:49.17]Immediately following the close-up of Annie,

[03:54.58]he inserted a picture of the object of her thought

[04:00.67]--her husband,cast away on a desert isle 5.

[04:06.28]This cutting from one scene to another without finishing either of them

[04:13.96]brought a torrent 6 of criticism on the experimenter.

[04:19.34]That'll be our next week's topic.

[04:23.94]Now let's watch Griffith's After Many Years.

[04:30.34]1.What kind of camera shots were generally used before Griffith's days?

[04:35.85]2.What was first used in the film For Love of Gold?

[04:42.85]3.For what purpose was the close-up used in The Great Train Robbery?

[04:48.34]4.When was the film After Many Years produced?

[04:51.32]5.Where was Annie Lee's husband in After Many Years?

[04:57.22]Now you will hear the recording again.

[05:03.02]Today I would like to talk about the early days of movie making

[05:12.03]in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

[05:17.44]Before the pioneering films of D.W.Griffith's,

[05:23.84]film-makers were limited by several misguided conventions of the era.

[05:30.84]According to one,the camera was always fixed at a viewpoint

[05:37.63]corresponding to that of the spectator in the theater,

[05:43.04]a position now known as the long shot.

[05:48.13]It was another convention

[05:52.52]that the position of the camera never changed in the middle of a scene.

[05:58.61]In last week's film,we saw how Griffith ignored both these limiting conventions

[06:06.00]and brought the camera closer to the actor.

[06:11.20]This shot,now known as the full shot,

[06:16.92]was considered revolutionary at the time.

[06:22.01]For Love of Gold

[06:26.72]was the name of the film in which we saw the first use of the full shot.

[06:33.12]After progressing from the long shot to the full shot,

[06:39.31]the next logical step for Griffith was to bring in the camera still closer,

[06:46.80]in what is now called the close-up.

[06:51.61]The close-up had been used before,

[06:56.52]though only rarely and merely as a visual stunt,

[07:02.40]as for example in Edwin Espoter's The Great Train Robbery,

[07:09.69]which was made in 1903.

[07:14.18]But not until 1908 in Griffith's movie called After Many Years

[07:22.80]was the dramatic potential of the close-up first exploited.

[07:29.70]In a scene from After Many years that we are about to see,

[07:36.70]pay special attention to the close-up of Annie Lee's worried face

[07:43.78]as she awaits her husband's return.

[07:48.45]In 1908 this close-up shocked everyone in the movie making world,

[07:56.73]but Griffith had no time for argument.

[08:01.83]He had another surprise even more radical to offer.

[08:08.02]Immediately following the close-up of Annie,

[08:13.43]he inserted a picture of the object of her thought

[08:19.23]--her husband,cast away on a desert isle.

[08:24.92]This cutting from one scene to another

[08:29.81]without finishing either of them

[08:34.19]brought a torrent of criticism on the experimenter.

[08:39.78]That'll be our next week's topic.

[08:44.17]Now let's watch Griffith's After Many Years.