时间:2018-12-17 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

   一、省略句


  省略句是英语的一种常见句式。从结构上说,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于 修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子就叫做省略句(elliptical sentences)。其 特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义。
  省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系, 不容臆断。“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法,而且也是一种简 便至极、“虽无胜有”的修辞手段。
  1.并列句中某些相同成分(谓语)的省略。
  This beeper works 1 well,but that one doesn ’t (work well).
  这个寻呼机工作正常,但那个就不行。
  I study at college and my sister ( studies) at high school.
  我读大学,我妹妹读高中。
  2.在when,while, if,as if,though,until,once,whether,unless 等连接的状语 从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。
  When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
  当我有困难时总是找她帮助。
  The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.
  这封信留在这里待领。
  3.有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that。
  It is an honor 2 (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
  我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。
  It is the third time (that)I have come to China.
  这是我第三次来中国。
  4.在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that。
  That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
  他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩。
  Is this the radio (that which) you bought last Saturday?
  这是你上周六买的收音机吗?
  5.在direction(方向),way (方式),distance (距离),time (时间),times (倍 数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that,which,in which。The direction ( in which) we move a body can be changed.我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的。
  The distance (which 或 that) light travels in one second is 300000 kilometers. 光每秒传播的距离是30万公里。
  6.省略主语
  (1)祈使句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省去主语最 为常见。如:
  Leave him in peace !不要去打扰他!
  Come at one o,clock sharp.准一点钟来。
  Listen to me,children !听我讲,孩子们!
  Open the door!开门!
  Why not?为什么不?
  Why so?为什么这样?
  Anybody wishing to go?谁愿意去啊?
  (2)除祈使句外,还有其他省去主语的情况,如:
  Don ’t know.我不知道。(省去主语)
  Beg your pardon.请原谅。(省去主语)
  Had a good time,didn,t you?玩得很好,不是吗?(省去主语you)
  Doesn ’t look too well.他脸色不大好。(省去主语he或she)
  Looks like rain.像是要下雨了。(賓去主语it)
  (3)There be结构中的there有时也可省去,如:
  Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。
  Appears to be a big crowd in the hall.大厅里似乎有一大群人。
  (4)在口语中省略主语和连系动词。如:
  —How are you?你好吗?
  —(I am) Fine,thank you.很好,谢谢。
  (5)省略状语从句中的主语和连系动词。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相 同,且状语从句的谓语部分含有连系动词be时,通常可以省略状语从句中的“主 语+系动词”。如:
  Where (it is) necessary,improvements will be made.
  哪儿需要,就在哪儿改进。 7.用so,not或其他手段来賓略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
  —Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗?
  —I think so.我想她行。
  —Did you know anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗?
  —Not until you told me.你告诉了我,我才知道。
  8.在特定的上下文里,为了避免重复,作谓语、宾语或宾语补足语的不定式再 次出现时,to后的内容常承前省略,只保留不定式符号“to”。如:
  I don ’t go swimming now but I used to.
  我现在不去游泳但我过去常去(游泳)。
  You can ’t work alone in the lab unless you are allowed to.
  除非得到允许,你不能单独在实验室工作。
  【注】不定式to之后的动詞是l)e或助动詞have时,要保留to后的be或 have。如:
  China is no longer what it used to be.中国已今非昔比。
  —Have you told Allen about the concert?你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗?
  —Sony,but I ought to have.对不起,我本应该(告诉她的)。
  9.新闻标题要求简练醒目,需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分。
  Boy 14,rescued from cliff 3 face. (A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.) 从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩。
  American President to fly to London. ( American President is to fly to London.)
  美国总统将飞往伦敦。
  10.注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略。
  They are (of) the same age.他们年龄相同。
  There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.
  再向她解释这件事是无用的。 11.表示焦虑和担心。
  How terrible !太可怕 了 !
  It makes me feel worried.这让我感到很着急。
  It makes my hair stand on encl.这令我毛骨棟然。
  It makes me feel uneasy 4 when I see her.看到她使我感到不自在。
  It’s a frightening thing to kill so many miners 5 in the accident.
  那么多矿工在事故中遇难身亡,真是太可怕了。
  I'm really frightened to death to see the snake.看到蛇我。下得半死
  He got into a total panic when he saw the drowning child.
  看到孩子溺水他慌作一团。
  I dare not go out alone at night.晚上我不敢一个人外出。
  What ’s really scary is that the hurricane has caused so many losses. 真正令人恐惧的是飓风造成这么大的损失。
  12.表语的省略。在口语中,省去表语的情况比较普遍。如 —Are you ready?你们准备好了吗? —Yes,we are (ready).是的,准备好了。
  —Are you Mr. Smith?你是史密斯先生吗?
  —Yes,I am(Mr. Smith)?是的,我就是。
  —Are these your friends?这些人是你的朋友吗?
  —Yes,they are( my friends).是的,他们是我的朋友。
  —He ’s a real man.他是一个真正的人。
  —Who is (a real man) ?谁?
  —I think we ’re right.我想我们是对的。 —I’m sure we are (right).我想是这样。

1 works
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
2 honor
n.光荣;敬意;荣幸;vt.给…以荣誉;尊敬
  • I take your visit as a great honor.您的来访是我莫大的光荣。
  • It is a great honor to receive that prize.能拿到那个奖是无上的光荣。
3 cliff
n.悬崖,峭壁
  • The cliff edge is dangerous and should be railed.崖边危险,应该用栏杆围起来。
  • He took the measure of the cliff before he climbed it.他把悬崖的高度估量一下后再攀登。
4 uneasy
adj.心神不安的,担心的,令人不安的
  • He feels uneasy today.他今天心里感到不安。
  • She had an uneasy feeling that they were still following her.她有一种他们仍在跟踪她的不安感觉。
5 miners
矿工( miner的名词复数 )
  • The coal miners have come out for about two weeks. 煤矿工人已罢工约两周了。
  • The roof of the cave dropped in on the miners, trapping them. 洞穴的顶部坍了下来,砸在矿工身上。
标签: 省略句
学英语单词
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approximation theory of function
areolar central choroiditis
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