VOA常速英语2016--加入全球化浪潮还是独自发展？美国选民权衡经济利弊

Globalization or Isolation 1? US Voters Weigh in on Economy 加入全球化浪潮还是独自发展？美国选民权衡经济利弊

PHILADELPHIA—

The air outside this factory in Northeast Philadelphia once smelled of cookies.

But the aroma 2, along with the 350 workers who for decades made Oreos and Ritz crackers 3 disappeared last year when snack food giant Mondelez decided 4 to close the plant and shift production elsewhere.

“It’s terrible, we have so many companies shutting down,” Art Millevoi said.

Across the street from the now abandoned factory, the owner of Millevoi Auto 5 Sales and Service recalls how friends have lost work in recent years.

“We see so many people unemployed 6, so many older people, too, in their fifties who have lost their jobs,” said Millevoi. “They are on their third or fourth job, where our parents would have it for life and they would have pension and they would have social security. We are not guaranteed any of this.”

Shuttered factories

Philadelphia was one of the first major industrial cities in the United States, home to manufacturing plants, foundries and refineries 8. 

The eastern U.S. city has struggled with economic growth, however, ranking 250th in a recent Brookings Institution report assessing employment and GDP of the world’s 300 largest metropolitan 9 economies.

As Millievoi stands in his auto body shop, U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump 10 can be heard on a nearby television railing against trade deals and globalization.

“NAFTA was the worst trade deal in history, and China's entrance into the World Trade Organization has enabled the greatest jobs theft in history,” Trump said.

For her part, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton voiced support for the Trans-Pacific Partnership 11 trade deal in 2011 as secretary of state, though last year on the PBS NewsHour with Judy Woodruff, Clinton said, "What I know about it, as of today, I am not in favor of what I have learned about it." 

In Trump's June 28 speech in the small western Pennsylvania town of Monessen, the Republican candidate appealed to working class voters — promising 12 to keep U.S. factories open and workers employed.

The message resonates with Millevoi who says he likely will be forced to shutter 7 one of his many Philadelphia area auto centers due to rising taxes and regulatory fees.

He says the government should do more to support small businesses and keep American companies like Mondelez from shifting their operations overseas to countries like Mexico.

“NAFTA has allowed avenues for companies such as Mondelez to leave this country easily,” Millevoi said. “And all the people who were promised jobs were scattered 13 for a short time. But I understand their other plants are shutting down in Chicago, etc.”

'It’s a global economy'

Just 20 miles south of the Mondelez plant, the scene couldn’t be more different along the Delaware River, as truckers pick up cargo 14 containers at the port on a busy Wednesday morning.

Amid the hustle 15 and bustle 16 of factories and cargo ships lies Frank’s restaurant serving up breakfast and lunch to truck drivers and longshoremen in Philadelphia since 1910.

Owner Joe Trocino, whose father bought the place in 1966, says business has gone up and down with the economy over the years. 

“We have had good years and lean years,” said Trocino. “In the 1980’s they had deregulation with [then-President] Ronald Reagan and that hurt us. We were slow for a few years, but we hung in there and then things picked up.”

Despite all the national talk of trade and globalization spurred by the Britain’s exit from the European Union, the restaurant owner says national policy doesn’t affect him much.

“If I give a good product and I open my business on time every day and I am here the hours I say I am going to be here, people can depend on me. And if I know they can depend on me, they are going to be repeat customers,” Trocino said during a short break from making breakfast as workers stop in for their morning coffee.

One of those stopping in to pick up sandwiches is Kevin Kundla. The project superintendent 17 at Commerce Construction Corporation recalls how the marine 18 contracting company bounced back after the recession.

“In 2008 and 2009, we hit the wall, really hit the wall and we actually went down to office staff. Everyone in the field was laid off,” Kundla said. “Now we are back as strong as ever, and we are about 60 to 65 men strong in the field. We have quite a few million dollars worth of work on the books.”

A registered Republican, Kundla has not yet made up his mind as to whom he will vote for in number, only remarking that he is pro-labor.

He says that amid all the talk of Brexit and globalization, the United States cannot afford to go it alone.

“I don’t believe that the U.S. should isolate 19 itself, it’s a global economy. It’s a global world. My son lives overseas and I travel overseas to Southeast Asia,” Kundla noted 20.

He points in the direction marine terminal, where containers are arriving from Mexico and China.

“I would love for Americans to have all the jobs, but I just think it’s a fact of life that globalization is here. It’s here to stay.”