疯狂情景会话真功夫 59.Hoistory of Harvard

Harvard University, which celebrated 1 its 350th anniversary in 1986,

[00:02.98]哈佛大学于1986年庆祝建校三百五十周年。

[00:05.96]is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.

[00:08.07]它是美国历史最悠久的高等学府，

[00:10.19]Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth,

[00:12.21]哈佛建立于第一批欧洲移民踏上美洲大陆来到普利茅斯的十六年后，

[00:14.24]the University has grown from 9 students with a single master to an enrollment 2 of more than 18,000 degree candidates,

[00:18.29]一开始它只有九名学生、一名硕士生，现在包括在校本科生与其他学生在内共有一万八千多人，

[00:22.33]including undergraduates, and students in 10 graduate and professional schools.

[00:24.86]有十所研究院与专业学院，

[00:27.38]An additional 13,000 students are enrolled 3 in one or more courses at the Harvard Extension School.

[00:30.52]在哈佛的分校中，还有一万三千名学生在哈佛分校选修了一门或多门课程。

[00:33.67]Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculty 4.

[00:36.73]哈佛共有一万四千名工作人员，其中有两千多名教职人员，

[00:39.78]There are more than 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated 5 teaching hospitals.

[00:42.51]在教学为目的的附属医院中还有七千多名职员工。

[00:45.24]Six presidents of the United States John Adams, John Quincy Adams,

[00:47.95]哈佛产生了约翰·亚当斯、约翰·昆西·亚当斯，

[00:50.65]Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, and John Fitzgerald Kennedy - were graduates of Harvard.

[00:54.44]西奥多及富兰克林·德来诺·罗斯福、罗斯福德·B·海斯和约翰·弗斯杰罗德·肯尼迪六位美国总统，

[00:58.23]Its facutly have produced 34 Nobel Laureates.

[01:00.55]并产生了三十四位诺贝尔将获得者。

[01:02.88]Harvard College was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony,

[01:06.90]哈佛大学建立于1636年，由当时的马塞诸塞湾殖民地选举产生。

[01:10.92]and was named for its first benefactor 6, John Harvard of Charlestown, a young minister who upon his death in 1638,

[01:15.49]学校是以它的第一个捐赠者查里斯顿郡的约翰·哈佛命名的。约翰·哈佛是一位年轻的牧师，1638年他去世的时候，

[01:20.07]left his library and half his estate to the new institution.

[01:22.12]将他的藏书以及地产的一半捐赠给这所新建的学校。

[01:24.17]During its early years, the College offered a classic academic course based on the English University model but consistent with the prevailing 7 Puritan philosophy of the first colonists 8.

[01:30.45]在建校之初，课程设置依循英国大学的模式，以传统的学院式的课程为主。但又与当时美洲盛行的第一批移民的清教思想相一致。

[01:36.73]Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan congregations throughout New England,

[01:39.81]尽管许多早期的毕业生成为新英格兰清教教会的牧师，

[01:42.90]the college never formally affiliated with a specific religious denomination 9.

[01:45.93]哈佛大学从没有正式与任何一种宗教信仰建立联系。

[01:48.96]Under president Pusey (1953-71), Harvard undertook what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education,

[01:54.46]在蒲西校长在职的1853年至1971年间，哈佛进行了美国高校历史上最大的筹款活动。

[01:59.95]the $82.5 million Program for Harvard College. The Program strengthened faculty salaries,

[02:04.28]共筹得八千两百五十万美元。这项活动提高了教师工资，

[02:08.60]broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.

[02:11.83]增加了学生资助项目，设置了新的教授职位，

[02:15.05]A similar but greatly expanded fundraising effort, the Harvard Campaign (1979-84),

[02:18.70]增设了哈佛的体育设施。另一项类似然而更广泛的筹款活动——哈佛运动于1979年-1984年间展开，

[02:22.34]was conducted under the leadership of Derek Bok (1971-91) and raised $356 million by the end of 1984.

[02:28.08]当时的领导人是德里克·福德（1971-91），到1984年底共筹得三亿五千六百万美元。

[02:33.81]Neil L.Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991.

[02:37.10]内尔·L·瑞丁斯坦是哈佛的第二十六任校长，于1991年上任。

[02:40.39]As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination 10 among the University’s schools and faculties 11,

[02:43.96]为了加强院系之间的合作，

[02:47.52]Rudenstine set in motion an intensive process of University-wide academic planning,

[02:50.88]瑞丁斯坦大力号召展开一系列全校范围内的大规模学术计划活动，

[02:54.24]intended to identify some of Harvard’s main intellectual and programmatic priorities.

[02:57.40]以加强哈佛主要的学术研究与突出项目。

[03:00.56]Those have become an integral part of the current five-year capital campaign.

[03:03.46]这些活动成为美国现行5年计划的重要组成部分。

[03:06.36]In addition, Rudenstine has stressed the University’s commitment to excellence 12 in undergraduate education,

[03:09.84]而且，瑞丁斯坦强调哈佛应致力于提高学生教育，

[03:13.33]the importance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from across the economic spectrum 13,

[03:16.17]强调哈佛的大门应向各个经济层的学生敞开，

[03:19.00]the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious financial constraints 14,

[03:23.04]大学应适应新纪元中信息迅速增长以及经济局势严峻的要求，

[03:27.07]and the challenge of living together in a diverse community committed to freedom of expression.

[03:30.64]迎接多元性社会团体坚持言论自由的挑战。