05 The Beginning of Drama
时间：2018-12-07 作者：英语课 分类：英语范文背诵20篇
05 The Beginning of Drama
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual（典礼，宗教仪式）. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world-even the seasonal 1 changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed 2 rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled(以面纱遮盖，隐避) the mysteries of the rites 3(仪式，典礼). As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes(服装) were almost always used, Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting 4 area" and the "auditorium 5." In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment(设定制定) of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed(模仿) the desired effect-success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival 6 of the Sun-as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this views tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical 7 and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
- The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
- The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。
- Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
- Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。
- to administer the last rites to sb 给某人举行临终圣事
- He is interested in mystic rites and ceremonies. 他对神秘的仪式感兴趣。
- Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
- During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。
- The teacher gathered all the pupils in the auditorium.老师把全体同学集合在礼堂内。
- The stage is thrust forward into the auditorium.舞台向前突出，伸入观众席。
- The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
- He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
- His breathing became more rhythmical.他的呼吸变得更有节奏了。
- The music is strongly rhythmical.那音乐有强烈的节奏。