时间:2018-12-07 作者:英语课 分类:CRI实用英语课堂


英语课

Part 1 Types of Western Music 欧美音乐类型 


1. 什么是 R&B?R&B的全名是 Rhythm & Blues 1,一般译作"节奏怨曲"。广义上, R&B可视为“黑人的流行音乐”,它源于黑人的Blues音乐,是现今西方流行乐和摇滚乐的基础。Billboard 2杂志曾介定 R&B为所有黑人音乐,除了Jazz和Blues之外,都可列作 R&B,可见 R&B的范围是多么的广泛。近年黑人音乐圈大为盛行的 Hip 3 Hop 4和Rap都源於 R&B,并且同时保存着不少 R&B成分。


2. 什么是HOUSE?HOUSE是於八十年代沿自 DISCO发展出来的跳舞音乐。 这是芝加哥的DJ玩出的音乐,他们将德国电子乐团Kraftwerk的一张唱片和电子鼓(Drum Machine)规律的节奏及黑人蓝调歌声混音在一起,House就产生了。一般翻译为"浩室"舞曲,是电子舞曲最基本的型式,4/4拍的节奏,一拍一个鼓声,配上简单的旋律,常有高亢的女声歌唱。DISCO流行后,一些DJ将它改变,有心将DISCO变得较为不商业化, BASS 5和鼓变得更深沉,很多时变成了纯音乐作品,即使有歌唱部分也多数是由跳舞女歌手唱的简短句子,往往没有明确歌词。渐渐的,有人加入了LATIN(拉丁)、 REGGAE(瑞格源在西印度群岛)、 RAP(说唱)或 JAZZ(爵士)等元素,至八十年代后期, HOUSE冲出地下范围,成为芝加哥、纽约及伦敦流行榜的宠儿。House舞曲在1986年开始流行后,可说是取代了Disco音乐。 


3. 什么是Britpop?Britpop虽有个“Pop”在里面,但其实是 Rock的一种,源於九十年代英伦,中文可译为“英式摇滚”,这是英伦乐坛对美国 Grunge潮的一个回应,主要是以乐队形式出现。不过,Britpop风格其实十分广泛,如 Oasis是吉他摇滚乐队,Blur则Pop很多,而Pulp则接近Glam Rook及跳舞风格,不过他们都被列作 Britpop。


4. 什么是 Trip-Hop?Trip-Hop是英伦/欧洲跳舞音乐的一种,它的名字来源是“ Trip+ Hip Hop"= Trip-Hop",因为它发源自英国的Bristol,因此最早时称作"Bristol Hip-Hop"。Trip-Hop是种慢板的迷幻的、有 Jazz感觉的、迷糊的、带点 Hip Hop节奏的 Break beat 音乐。它虽然隶属跳舞音乐类,但其迷幻特色已令它和一般跳舞音乐所有的明确节拍特色相去很远。


5. 什么是 Gangsta Rap? Gangsta Rap是 Rap的一种,以 Rap的内容多与都市罪案有关,充满暴力、色欲感受,这是反映现实的一种音乐路向。 Gangsta Rap于八十年代末期在美国兴起,音乐Rap中的强悍尖锐派,在美国大受欢迎,唱片销路甚高。而不少 Gangsta Rap乐手本身真正“参与” 现实中各式罪案,部分更因而入狱甚至死亡,可说是真正反映现实兼令人触目惊心的乐种。


6. 什么是 Synth Pop?Synth Pop中的 " Synth",即 Synthesizer,顾名思义, Synth Pop就是“由Sythesizers炮制出来的流行乐”,当然除 Synthesizers外还会用上其他电子乐器如电脑及鼓机等等。 Synth Pop于八十年代初期开始流行,至八十年代中开始沉寂,当年在香港也曾掀起过一阵热潮。 Synth Pop的特点是科技感强,有时会颇冰冷,歌曲多是“三分钟流行曲” (3-minutes Pop),很多时 Synth Pop乐手会作入时打扮。


7. 什么是 ORCHESTRA ?ORCHESTRA就是管弦乐团,它分成四部分: 弦乐,包括小提琴、大提琴等;铜管乐;木管乐和敲击乐四组。弦乐组每种乐器有多人演奏 (竖琴除外 ),四组演奏者由一人统筹兼领导,他就是乐团的指挥。 ORCHESTRA於17世纪出现,到 18世纪因海顿和莫扎特的作品而清楚地建立模式。 19世纪加入了些新乐器,乐团人数加大。 ORCHESTRA是西方古典 /正统音乐的正宗。西方流行 /摇滚乐也经常运用 ORCHESTRA的部分或全部团员协助演出。


8. 什么是 CHAMBER 6 POP?CHAMBER POP是指典雅、高贵、精致的一种流行乐,它有一定的古典音乐感觉。 CHAMBER MUSIC一词来自古典音乐,中文叫"室内乐",是种小组弦乐演奏曲式,气氛高雅。CHAMBER POP於九十年代兴起,是对当时的 LO-FI及 GRUNGE的一种反应,强调优美的旋律、精致的配乐、乾净的录音,每每多用弦乐、管乐制造巴洛克时代的音乐感觉。


9. 什么是民歌 (FOLK)? 民歌(FOLK)原本是指每个民族的传统歌曲,每个民族的先民都有他们自古代已有的歌曲,这些歌绝大部分都不知道谁是作者,而以口头传播,一传十十传百,一代传一代的传下去至今。不过今天我们所说的民歌 (FOLK),大都是指流行曲年代的民歌 (FOLK),所指的是主要以木结他为伴奏乐器,以自然坦率方式歌唱,唱出大家纯朴生活感受的那种歌曲。美国民歌手 WOODY GUTHRIE在五十年代的唱片可说是最早的民歌唱片录音,所以普遍被认定是现代民歌 (FOLK)的祖师。之後 PETE SEEGER、 THE WEAVERS 7继续推动这类音乐。六十年代越战,反战民歌手如 BOB DYLAN、JOAN BAEZ、PETER、PAUL AND MARY等成为时代的呼声。


10. 什么是 BOSSA NOVA ?BOSSA NOVA是种带 JAZZ味道的巴西音乐。1950年代作曲家 ANTONIO CARLOS JOBIM将巴西音乐节奏与美国西岸 COOL JAZZ混合而成,柔和、舒服、轻松、懒洋洋、浪漫是其特色。歌手 JOAO GILBERTO的纯厚歌声是 JOBIM音乐的出色拍档, 50年代中期传入美国后大受欢迎。


11. 什么是 CLASSICAL POP ? CLASSICAL POP是指带古典音乐味道的流行曲,多用弦乐伴奏的歌曲都可列入此类,例如THE BEATLES的 "ELEANORRIGBY"就是。澳洲乐队 CROWDED HOUSE的一些作品也可列入此类。如果说 CLASSIC POP,则是指经典的流行曲。


12. 什么是ACAPPELLA ?ACAPPELLA是指没有乐器伴奏的歌曲,但凡纯以人声唱的歌都是 ACAPPELLA,不过今天我们说 ACAPPELLA通常是指有多重和唱的那种唱法,连乐器伴奏都由人声唱出。 ACAPPELLA 的相反是 INSTRUMENTAL,即纯音乐乐曲,任何类型的歌曲都可以以 ACAPPELLA形式唱出。


13.什么是 WORLD MUSIC?WORLD MUSIC是西方角度观点的词汇,意思指非英、美及西方民歌\流行曲的音乐,通常指发展中地区或落後地区的传统音乐,例如非洲及南亚地区的音乐,有些地区如拉丁美洲的音乐,则能普及到自成一种类型。今天大家说的 WORLD MUSIC通常是指与西方音乐混和了风格的、改良了的传统地区音乐。非洲的 KING SUNNY ADE,东欧的DON BYRON,中国的朱哲琴,巴基斯坦的 NUSRAT FATEHALI KAHN等是西方乐迷较熟悉的 WORLD MUSIC乐手。


14.什么是 DREAM-POP?DREAM-POP是种“梦”般的流行曲,它有一种迷离的气氛,多靠SYNTHESIZERS(电子合成器)造成,加了ECHO效果的电吉他也是重要的成分,歌唱部分往往呼吸声重,歌词也往往有梦般的诗意色彩。代表乐队有COCTEAU WINS, LISA GERMANO, ST.ETIENNE, THIS MORTAL COIL, MY BLOODY 8 VALENTINE, MAZZY STAR和 DEAD CAN DANCE等。中文歌手以王菲为首,代表作有"迷路 "、 "DI-DA"等。


15. 什么是 NEW AGE?NEW AGE是种宁静、安逸、闲息的音乐,纯音乐作品占的比重较多,有歌唱的占较少。NEW AGE可以是纯 ACOUSTIC(即以传统自发声乐器演奏)的,也可以是很电子化的,重点是营造出大自然平静的气氛或宇宙浩瀚的感觉,洗涤听者的心灵,令人心平气和。 NEW AGE 很多时与音乐治疗有关,不少NEW AGE音乐说可以治病,也有不少与打坐冥想有关,这与NEW AGE思潮哲学有莫大关系。 NEW AGE音乐通常被目为颇为中产阶级的音乐,WINDHAM HILL是最具代表性的 NEW AGE唱片公司, NEW AGE代表乐手有 ENYA,GEORGE WINSTON,WILLIAM ACKERMAN,YANNI,KITARO等等。


16.什么是Electrophonic Music?随着时代的演进,音乐家有了更多制作音乐的方法.。所谓电子音乐,就是以电子合成器,音乐软体,电脑等所产生的电子声响来制作音乐。电子音乐范围广泛,生活周遭常常能听到,在电影配乐,广告配乐,甚至某些国语流行歌中都有用到,不过以电子舞曲为最。很多人认为电子乐是一种冷冰冰没有感情的音乐,其实电子乐也可融入Rock,Jazz甚至Blues等多种元素而充满情感的。


17.什么是Ambient ?听起来起伏不大,但其实一直在做改变,像是长时间的音效,或是渐进式的音乐编排等等,常会营造出有层次的空间感,所以被称为“情境音乐”且常对於生活周遭的声音做取样,如人声,汽车声,甚至是其他音乐的旋律等等。为70年代的Brian Eno所创,是一种很“高深” 的电子音乐。后来Ambient也有分支,如Ambient House, Ambient Techno等等,相信大家从字面上就能了解,其实在很多种音乐中都会有Ambient的影子,甚至某些古典乐中也有Ambient的味道。


18.什么是Trance ? 迷幻舞曲,由Techno演变而来,听了会让你有“出神”的感觉,但还是保有舞曲的律动,很注重Bass的表现,某些听了会有“催眠”的效果。拍子也是以4/4拍为主。不过我也有听过用Breakbeat的(下面会介绍),如Sven Vath的专辑Fusion。


19.什么是Psychedelic Trance ? 又名Goa Trance,发源于印度的一个小岛上。Goa即为这小岛的名字,旋律常带有印度风味。这类Trance的特徵,就是很重视旋律,音符之间的细微变化,且常有重叠的旋律,和高亢的TB-303声音出现。有点Ambient的味道。


20. 什么是Break beat ? 不像House的拍子Boom-Boom-Boom-Boom那么规律,而是以破碎的节拍呈现,像是切分拍。如在两拍中加入小碎鼓等等。Breakbeat只是一个总称而已,有很多种音乐都属Breakbeat。


Part 2 How to Enjoy Music 怎样欣赏音乐 


    一首普通音乐的结构通常包括了 Intro,Verse,Chorus,Instrument Solo 和 Ending几个部分,而组成各部分的元素约可分为主旋律(Melody)、节奏(拍子 Rhythm)、速度(Tempo,如快板、中板、慢板)、以及衬托主旋律的第二旋律等等音乐元素。但未必每首音乐都齐备上述种种元素。


    通常,一首音乐最引人注意的部分是主旋律。但大家有没有留意一首音乐开始的时候多数有一段前奏(Introduction) ?它能帮助聆听者进入音乐的内容。前奏的音乐型式可能和主旋律及主题有点相似,但也可能完全不同。我们欣赏音乐的时候,可以尝试感受,作者或编曲者如何作出适当的前奏来配合主旋律的内容。前奏过后,跟着来的有音乐的主歌(Verse)、副歌(Chorus),音乐过门及结尾(Intrumental and Ending)。


    主歌可以说是内容,是每首音乐的主干。而音乐的结构是有一特定型式的,此结构型式在乐理上称之为 Form。一般的歌曲大多作 AA'BA' Form。A 代表主歌,而B段是副歌。也就是说,通常一首歌的构造就是由前奏,两段主歌,一段副歌,过门音乐,再来一次的副歌和主歌,以及结尾音乐顺序地连接而成的。不同类型的 Form 有很多,如 Blues Form,Jazz Form;古典音乐的 Form 更多,例如 Sonata 9,Ternary,Rondo 或 Rondo- Sonata 等等有关 Form 的术语,就是我们在唱片封套上的作品名称旁边偶然看见的字样。


    在整首歌终结之前,大多有一段作完结的纯音乐 (Ending)。比如将歌的最后一句重复一次,或重复多次并且渐渐降低声量至完全没有声音(Fade Out) 而作完结,就是一些经常听见的 Ending 表现方式。 以上我们所说的是以大多数的流行音乐或民歌的型式而作的一个范例 ,至于管弦乐、Blues、Jazz、Rock、Fusion 等音乐,各有其独特的编曲方式, 决不可一概而论。


 西洋乐器英文名称及简介 musical instruments :


Violin 小提琴:A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings 10 tuned 11 at intervals 12 of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility 14 in range, tone, and dynamics 15. 用弓演奏的一种弦乐器,具有在第五音的音程上调音的四根弦和不分格指板,形体较古提琴浅,音域、音色和强弱相当灵活。


Viola 中提琴:A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous 16 tone. 提琴家族中的一种弦乐器,稍大于小提琴,调音比小提琴低五度,声音更为深沉、洪亮。


Cello 17 大提琴:A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass. 一种提琴类四弦乐器,音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。


Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司:The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles 18, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C. 尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器,也常用于爵士乐合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴类,定弦为第四级音,颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。它有始于中音以下三个八度音阶的深度范围。


flute 19 长笛:A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown. 由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器,侧边有按键和指孔,靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口。


piccolo 短笛:A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute. 一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。


clarinet 单簧管:A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical 21 tube with a flaring 22 bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. 单簧管,黑管一种管乐器,有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一个单簧吹口,以指孔和键的方式演奏。


oboe 双簧管:A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating 23, poignant 24 sound. 带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器,具有三个八度音域和穿透力强而尖利的声音。


English horn 英国管:A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth. 一种双簧的木制管乐器,类似于双簧管,但音高比双簧管低五度。


bassoon或fogotto 大管:A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral 25 tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe. 巴松管,低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器,有长的木质管身并与通向吹口的侧面管身相连,这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度。


double bassoon 低音大管:The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon. 双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器,比低音管的音高低一个八度。


horn或French horn 圆号或法国圆号:A valved brass 26 wind instrument that produces a mellow 27 tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell. 一种有活瓣的铜管乐器,从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子里发出圆润的乐音。


trumpet 28 小号:A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared 29 bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch. 一种高音铜管乐器,由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构成,现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高。


cornet 短号:A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons 30. 号类的一种管乐器,有三个用活塞控制的栓塞。


trombone 长号:A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent 31 upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. 一种铜管乐器,由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成,尾部有喇叭形口,有一个可滑动的U 形拉管,可发出不同音高的音。


tuba 大号:A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。


harp 32 竖琴:An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular 33 frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers. 一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。


piano 钢琴:An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened 34 or sustained by means of pedals. 一种乐器,用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音,可以通过踏瓣的方式调轻声音或使之持续不断。


organ 风琴:An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism 35 controlling the flow of air to the pipes. 一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器。


harpsichord 36 羽管键琴:A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器,类似三角钢琴,但通常有两层键盘(部分为一层,及其个别亦有三层)和两套或更多的弦(每套发出不同音质的音),通过羽管或皮制拨子(拨子连接一顶重器,一般为一根直立的木杆)拨弦,赖琴键内端推动发声。


glockenspiel 钟琴:A percussion 37 instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic 38 scale and played with two light hammers. 按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器,用两个轻槌击奏。


xylophone 木琴:A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets. 一种打击乐器,由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成,并发出半音音阶,用两个小木槌敲击。


bass drum 大鼓:A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant 39 sound. 一种大鼓,有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面,并能发出低沉的、共鸣的声音。


tambourine 40 铃鼓:An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling 41 disks that are fitted into the rim 42. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other. 小手鼓,一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种乐器,演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它。


lute 20 鲁特琴(中文的琵琶也译做lute):A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted 13 fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning 43 pegs 44. 一种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器,琴颈上有定音档的指板,通常弯曲于调音单轴之下。


mandolin 曼陀林:An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched. 常是梨形琴身,在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴弦。


guitar 吉他:An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. 一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器,形状与小提琴相似,琴颈长,通常有六根弦,为弹拨乐器。


Part 3 Talking About Music 怎样谈“音乐” 


实用的英语句子:


第一句:Music is my favorite leisure activity.音乐是我最喜欢的休闲活动。
换种说法:In my free time, I always listen to music. 


第二句:I like all kinds of music, including pop, jazz and classical. 我喜欢各种音乐,包括流行乐,爵士乐还有古典音乐。
换种说法:I enjoy listening to a wide range of musical types.


第三句:Of all the types of music, I love pop music best. When I study, I always play pop music as it really helps me relax. 在所有音乐类型中,我最喜欢流行音乐。当我念书时,我总是放流行音乐来帮助我放松。
换种说法:My favorite type of music is pop and I listen to it in the background when I am studying.


第四句:Jazz and classical music are also good. Sometimes when I'm in a bad mood, I play orchestral numbers to relieve my emotions. 爵士乐和古典音乐也很棒。我心情不好的时候,我会放交响乐来舒缓我的情绪。
换种说法:When I'm not in the mood, listening to uplifting music helps me.


第五句:Music is really great. It's with you all the time. I hope everyone can enjoy music just like me. 音乐真的很棒。它会一直在你身边。希望每个人都跟我一样喜欢音乐。
换种说法:Music is something that should be a part of everyone's life.


Dialogue Script 1 对话原文 1


Tom: What's your hobby?
Linda: I enjoy listening to music very much. The first thing I do when I get home is to turn on my CD player.
Tom: I love music too. I simply can't do anything without some music on...I listen to the radio everyday. There is a special music program on the radio all day long.
Linda: You know, I never hesitate while buying CDs and records I like and I have a decent stereo recorder too.
Tom: What kind of music is your favorite, I wonder?
Linda: It may sound strange to you that I love pop songs but not pop singers. Classical music is also very much to my taste.
Tom: I'm crazy about country music and folk songs because they have light tunes 45 and melodies to put you in a good mood.
Linda: What instrument can you play?
Tom: I can play the piano a bit, and I used to take violin lessons.
Linda: How good are you at violins?
Tom: I just play it on and off.


讲解:


1.在这段对话中,Tom和Linda在谈论自己对音乐的喜爱。Tom首先问Linda她的爱好是什么。What's your hobby? hobby表示兴趣爱好,嗜好。


2.Linda的爱好是听音乐,I enjoy listening to music. enjoy doing something 喜欢做某事,对某事感兴趣。enjoy后面可以加名词或动名词,例如:I enjoy my job. 我喜爱我的工作。The twin brothers always enjoy going to the concert.这一对双胞胎弟兄对听音乐会总是兴致勃勃。还有一个大家非常熟悉的词组,这里顺便提一下,就是enjoy oneself过得快乐,例如:Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在晚会上玩得开心吗?


3. Linda非常喜欢听音乐,回到家第一件事就是把CD机打开。这里turn on和 turn off是一对反义词组,分别表示打开和关上。


4.Tom也非常喜欢音乐,几乎做任何事情都要把音乐开着,with the music on,伴随着音乐。表示一种状态。Tom还收听一档特别音乐广播节目,all day long,表示一整天。


5.Linda买自己喜欢的CD和唱片从来都不会犹豫,她还有一个非常好的立体声音响,是a decent stereo recorder。Linda最喜欢的音乐类型是流行乐,但是她并不喜欢流行乐歌手,是挺奇怪的。


6.她开始的时候就跟Tom说It may sound strange to you,也许你会觉得奇怪。这是一个很好用的句型,一般用在that从句之前,委婉地表达自己的想法。Linda也非常喜欢古典音乐,Classical music is also very much to my taste. to one's taste,符合某人的口味,也就是某人对某物有兴趣。


7.Tom喜欢乡村音乐和民歌,be crazy about something or someone,发疯般地喜欢某事某人。因为乡村音乐和民歌的旋律比较轻柔,让人心情舒畅,put someone in a good mood,让某人心情舒畅。mood是心情,心境,情绪的意思,那么be out of mood, 就表示“心情不好”,也可以说I'm not in the mood. 我心情不好。mood还用来专门表示“坏心情;坏脾气”,例如:He's in one of his moods. 他心情不好。Tom还会演奏一些乐器,乐器是“musical instruments”。他会弹一点钢琴,还学过小提琴。


Dialogue Script 2 对话原文 2


Mark: Would you like to listen to my album of American country music? It's got John Denver singing "Country Roads".
Anne: Sure, I'd love to. John Denver is very popular in China. But can you tell me what's the difference between country music and pop music? Is it in the music? Or maybe in the lyrics 46 or the way the song is sung?
Mark: In a way you can they're all essential factors. In country music, many songs are about "home" and "family".
Anne: So, I suppose, the words are simple and express real and honest feelings?
Mark: Well, people who really like country music say so. But some people will also tell you that the words are sentimental 47, trite 48, shallow, and insincere. I guess both kinds exist, but the best country music has simple and honest feelings. Let's leave it that way. Anne: What about the style of singing, and the music itself? It's different from other American music, isn't it?
Mark: In some ways, yes. The tradition was of singer with one instrument-originally a dulcimer, later a guitar. Then when radios and records become popular in the 1920's, they began using country singers commercially. Now country music is performed by highly professional groups.
Anne: Oh, I see. Can we say that country music is a development of American folk music?
Mark: Well, let's say it's a development from folk music. Today, it is commercial, not folk. The center of country music is Nashville, Tennessee, where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on.
Anne: By the way, can you tell me more about John Denver?
Mark: Well, he's a professional singer and songwriter. Sometimes he is more like modern folk, sometimes definitely country. Take his song "Country Roads" for example. The subject is traditional: Take me back to my home in the southern mountains...and actually country music started in the south. Let's listen to John Denver's music now.


讲解:


1. 对话中Mark告诉了Anne美国乡村音乐的一些特征。Mark向Anne推荐的歌曲是John Denver的 Country Roads。John Denver是一位专业的美国乡村音乐歌首和词曲作者。这首Country Roads也是他的代表作之一。


2.Anne也非常喜欢乡村音乐,但是她不知道美国乡村音乐和流行音乐有什么区别,所以她特意向Mark请教。Mark告诉她,在曲调,歌词和演唱技巧方面,美国乡村音乐和流行音乐都有一些不同。difference in something, 在某些方面有不同,例如: I can't see much difference in them. 我看不出他们有什么大的差别。


3. 乡村音乐的主题一般都和“家”或“家庭”有关。所以Anne猜测乡村音乐的歌词都比较简单,侧重于表达内心真实情感。但是只有真正喜欢乡村音乐的人才会这么说。有些持反对意见的人会说“the words are sentimental, trite, shallow, and insincere. ”乡村音乐的歌词伤感,陈腐,浅显,虚假。这几个形容词都可以用来形容音乐。


4.所以Mark不想过多的谈论这个话题,他说,Let's leave it that way.就这样说吧。这是一句用来做总结的话。


5.Mark还告诉Anne乡村音乐的传统风格是一位歌手,一种乐器。最初使用的是dulcimer,洋琴,后来改用了guitar。但是随着广播,唱片的开始流行,乡村音乐歌手也越来越商业化。现在的乡村音乐是由非常专业化的音乐团体来演奏和演唱的。


6.Mark还认为乡村音乐是从folk songs民歌发展来的。it's a development from folk music. 美国乡村音乐的中心在田纳西州的那什维尔。where many people making a living producing records, tapes, radio shows and so on. make a living on something,靠某物谋生。这句话中省略了on。



1 blues
n.抑郁,沮丧;布鲁斯音乐
  • She was in the back of a smoky bar singing the blues.她在烟雾弥漫的酒吧深处唱着布鲁斯歌曲。
  • He was in the blues on account of his failure in business.他因事业失败而意志消沉。
2 billboard
n.布告板,揭示栏,广告牌
  • He ploughed his energies into his father's billboard business.他把精力投入到父亲的广告牌业务中。
  • Billboard spreads will be simpler and more eye-catching.广告牌广告会比较简单且更引人注目。
3 hip
n.臀部,髋;屋脊
  • The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
  • The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。
4 hop
n.单脚跳,跳跃;vi.单脚跳,跳跃;着手做某事;vt.跳跃,跃过
  • The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛,看谁单足跳跃最快。
  • How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远?
5 bass
n.男低音(歌手);低音乐器;低音大提琴
  • He answered my question in a surprisingly deep bass.他用一种低得出奇的声音回答我的问题。
  • The bass was to give a concert in the park.那位男低音歌唱家将在公园中举行音乐会。
6 chamber
n.房间,寝室;会议厅;议院;会所
  • For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说,牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
  • The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。
7 weavers
织工,编织者( weaver的名词复数 )
  • The Navajo are noted as stockbreeders and skilled weavers, potters, and silversmiths. 纳瓦霍人以豢养家禽,技术熟练的纺织者,制陶者和银匠而著名。
  • They made out they were weavers. 他们假装是织布工人。
8 bloody
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
9 sonata
n.奏鸣曲
  • He played a piano sonata of his own composition.他弹奏了一首自作的钢琴奏鸣曲。
  • The young boy played the violin sonata masterfully.那个小男孩的小提琴奏鸣曲拉得很熟练。
10 strings
n.弦
  • He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上,随意地拨着吉他的弦。
  • She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。
11 tuned
adj.调谐的,已调谐的v.调音( tune的过去式和过去分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
  • The resort is tuned in to the tastes of young and old alike. 这个度假胜地适合各种口味,老少皆宜。
  • The instruments should be tuned up before each performance. 每次演出开始前都应将乐器调好音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 intervals
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
13 fretted
焦躁的,附有弦马的,腐蚀的
  • The wind whistled through the twigs and fretted the occasional, dirty-looking crocuses. 寒风穿过枯枝,有时把发脏的藏红花吹刮跑了。 来自英汉文学
  • The lady's fame for hitting the mark fretted him. 这位太太看问题深刻的名声在折磨着他。
14 flexibility
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
  • Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
15 dynamics
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
16 sonorous
adj.响亮的,回响的;adv.圆润低沉地;感人地;n.感人,堂皇
  • The sonorous voice of the speaker echoed round the room.那位演讲人洪亮的声音在室内回荡。
  • He has a deep sonorous voice.他的声音深沉而洪亮。
17 cello
n.大提琴
  • The cello is a member of the violin family.大提琴是提琴家族的一员。
  • She plays a melodious cello.她拉着一手悦耳的大提琴。
18 ensembles
整体( ensemble的名词复数 ); 合奏; 乐团; 全套服装(尤指女装)
  • I love to play in all types of ensembles. 我喜欢参与吹奏各种各样的合奏曲。
  • The 5th Brigade is now taking 895 Land Warrior ensembles to Afghanistan. 第五旅现在携带895套陆地勇士装备去阿富汗。
19 flute
n.长笛;v.吹笛
  • He took out his flute, and blew at it.他拿出笛子吹了起来。
  • There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。
20 lute
n.琵琶,鲁特琴
  • He idly plucked the strings of the lute.他漫不经心地拨弄着鲁特琴的琴弦。
  • He knows how to play the Chinese lute.他会弹琵琶。
21 cylindrical
adj.圆筒形的
  • huge cylindrical gas tanks 巨大的圆柱形贮气罐
  • Beer cans are cylindrical. 啤酒罐子是圆筒形的。
22 flaring
a.火焰摇曳的,过份艳丽的
  • A vulgar flaring paper adorned the walls. 墙壁上装饰着廉价的花纸。
  • Goebbels was flaring up at me. 戈塔尔当时已对我面呈愠色。
23 penetrating
adj.(声音)响亮的,尖锐的adj.(气味)刺激的adj.(思想)敏锐的,有洞察力的
  • He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze. 他的目光有股异乎寻常的洞察力。
  • He examined the man with a penetrating gaze. 他以锐利的目光仔细观察了那个人。
24 poignant
adj.令人痛苦的,辛酸的,惨痛的
  • His lyrics are as acerbic and poignant as they ever have been.他的歌词一如既往的犀利辛辣。
  • It is especially poignant that he died on the day before his wedding.他在婚礼前一天去世了,这尤其令人悲恸。
25 lateral
adj.侧面的,旁边的
  • An airfoil that controls lateral motion.能够控制横向飞行的机翼。
  • Mr.Dawson walked into the court from a lateral door.道森先生从一个侧面的门走进法庭。
26 brass
n.黄铜;黄铜器,铜管乐器
  • Many of the workers play in the factory's brass band.许多工人都在工厂铜管乐队中演奏。
  • Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
27 mellow
adj.柔和的;熟透的;v.变柔和;(使)成熟
  • These apples are mellow at this time of year.每年这时节,苹果就熟透了。
  • The colours become mellow as the sun went down.当太阳落山时,色彩变得柔和了。
28 trumpet
n.喇叭,喇叭声;v.吹喇叭,吹嘘
  • He plays the violin, but I play the trumpet.他拉提琴,我吹喇叭。
  • The trumpet sounded for battle.战斗的号角吹响了。
29 Flared
活塞( piston的名词复数 )
  • Some pistons have seating rings of metal or leather. 有些活塞上有金属或皮革的密封环。
  • A pump uses valves and pistons. 泵使用阀和活塞。
30 bent
n.爱好,癖好;adj.弯的;决心的,一心的
  • He was fully bent upon the project.他一心扑在这项计划上。
  • We bent over backward to help them.我们尽了最大努力帮助他们。
31 harp
n.竖琴;天琴座
  • She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。
  • He played an Irish melody on the harp.他用竖琴演奏了一首爱尔兰曲调。
32 triangular
adj.三角(形)的,三者间的
  • It's more or less triangular plot of land.这块地略成三角形。
  • One particular triangular relationship became the model of Simone's first novel.一段特殊的三角关系成了西蒙娜第一本小说的原型。
33 softened
(使)变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 ); 缓解打击; 缓和; 安慰
  • His smile softened slightly. 他的微笑稍柔和了些。
  • The ice cream softened and began to melt. 冰淇淋开始变软并开始融化。
34 mechanism
n.机械装置;机构,结构
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
35 harpsichord
n.键琴(钢琴前身)
  • I can tune the harpsichord as well as play it.我会弹奏大键琴,同样地,我也会给大键琴调音。
  • Harpsichord music is readily playable.古钢琴音乐可以随时演奏。
36 percussion
n.打击乐器;冲突,撞击;震动,音响
  • In an orchestra,people who play percussion instruments sit at the back.在管弦乐队中,演奏打击乐器的人会坐在后面。
  • Percussion of the abdomen is often omitted.腹部叩诊常被省略。
37 chromatic
adj.色彩的,颜色的
  • The removal of the chromatic aberration is then of primary importance.这时消除色差具有头等重要性。
  • In lampblack many kitchens easy to present the chromatic aberration.油烟较多的厨房中易出现色差。
38 resonant
adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的
  • She has a resonant voice.她的嗓子真亮。
  • He responded with a resonant laugh.他报以洪亮的笑声。
39 tambourine
n.铃鼓,手鼓
  • A stew without an onion is like a dance without a tambourine.烧菜没有洋葱就像跳舞没有手鼓。
  • He is really good at playing tambourine.他很擅长演奏铃鼓。
40 jingling
叮当声
  • A carriage went jingling by with some reclining figure in it. 一辆马车叮当驶过,车上斜倚着一个人。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
  • Melanie did not seem to know, or care, that life was riding by with jingling spurs. 媚兰好像并不知道,或者不关心,生活正马刺丁当地一路驶过去了呢。
41 rim
n.(圆物的)边,轮缘;边界
  • The water was even with the rim of the basin.盆里的水与盆边平齐了。
  • She looked at him over the rim of her glass.她的目光越过玻璃杯的边沿看着他。
42 tuning
n.调谐,调整,调音v.调音( tune的现在分词 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
  • They are tuning up a plane on the flight line. 他们正在机场的飞机跑道上调试一架飞机。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The orchestra are tuning up. 管弦乐队在定弦。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
43 pegs
n.衣夹( peg的名词复数 );挂钉;系帐篷的桩;弦钮v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的第三人称单数 );使固定在某水平
  • She hung up the shirt with two (clothes) pegs. 她用两只衣夹挂上衬衫。 来自辞典例句
  • The vice-presidents were all square pegs in round holes. 各位副总裁也都安排得不得其所。 来自辞典例句
44 tunes
n.曲调,曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 );调整;(给收音机、电视等)调谐;使协调
  • a potpourri of tunes 乐曲集锦
  • When things get a bit too much, she simply tunes out temporarily. 碰到事情太棘手时,她干脆暂时撒手不管。 来自《简明英汉词典》
45 lyrics
n.歌词
  • music and lyrics by Rodgers and Hart 由罗杰斯和哈特作词作曲
  • The book contains lyrics and guitar tablatures for over 100 songs. 这本书有100多首歌的歌词和吉他奏法谱。
46 sentimental
adj.多愁善感的,感伤的
  • She's a sentimental woman who believes marriage comes by destiny.她是多愁善感的人,她相信姻缘命中注定。
  • We were deeply touched by the sentimental movie.我们深深被那感伤的电影所感动。
47 trite
adj.陈腐的
  • The movie is teeming with obvious and trite ideas.这部电影充斥着平铺直叙的陈腐观点。
  • Yesterday,in the restaurant,Lorraine had seemed trite,blurred,worn away.昨天在饭店里,洛兰显得庸俗、堕落、衰老了。
学英语单词
acephatemet
airmass fog
algazel
Amerindian architecture
antidote
areal specialization
asa-foetida
bed killing
bulk concentration
burn the candle at both ends
by passed
camellia uraku kitam.
Cephalotaceae
Christmas cracker
chromatic stimulus
chromium(iii) sulfate
clad fuel elements
common starlings
concept of equilibrium
conveyer car
coupola
crenelated
cryoaerotherapy
cybertexts
deboning
dentate gyri
design basis external man-induced events
Dicranodontium
electrically operated bell
electrode couple
EMIT (engineering management information technique)
enterprise computing
epacts
fluo
focus coil assembly
forelocking
FPAN
genus oryctolaguss
geologises
grid of bound
Hedera helix L.
high speed printing press
hobbyhorse
inconsiderations
indole series
interleaved character
IPMB
iron cage
Jowett, Benjamin
Kabongola
know-nothing
leonovna
livebloggers
lophosteron
low-backs
lyttle
main discharge
manufacturing overhead spending variance
margraff
mounting base
N-methylbenzyl-aniline
nebrius ferrugineus
neckfurters
non-skid treatment
noooo
oddity discrimination
oncomete
ornamenter
ornithine decarboxylase
pangkha
perovskite catalyst
picaridin
Polledo
Poofta
procarcinogen
promise to
pushes back
rete Halleri
rissoina turricula
robert treat paines
rodas
Rosa hezhangensis
salesmen's commission
salling
software linguistics
spirofibrillae
square kilometres
steelshod
sunkest
suxibuzone
tape stretcher
tautonyms
testis sac
tilt gauge
torque wrenches
type of cementation
Uite
wave front reconstructing record
X-ray fluorescence anaiysis
yan xishan
yuck it up
zow