27 VIP OF 2001

Elaine chao - the most powerful chinese-american woman in the us

   My parents are wonderfully inspiring people and when I think about how we came to America, I think about their courage and their determination. And so I have great admiration 1 for my parents and for what they've sacrificed for our family. Throughout my career I have had tremendous guidance and counsel from my parents. And they've always reminded me and my sisters of our ethnic 2 heritage and that we should take great pride in our ethnic heritage and that we must never forget where we are from and what our values are. And I have found that to be of tremendous value and of great comfort to me. I feel as if I'm very blessed to understand two worlds. And if I can play a constructive 3 role in helping 4 Americans, white Americans understand the rest of the, the rest of Asian America, and also understand overseas, I think that's, a wonderful thing that a person can do. And 1)conversely when I go backto Asia and I’m able to visit with different people, I'm able to, I hope share with them a viewpoint about America. That's also revealing. I think our world is getting smaller and we need to have much greater understanding of one another.

   I've never really planned my career. I've always just wanted to number one bring honor to my parents and to bring honor to my family and to contribute to my community. So I've never had a grand plan but I've always wanted to do something worthwhile and to help other people and if I can do that, then I feel very satisfied.

Hillary clinton:new kid on the block

Yale Student: We've got one of our own Yale Senators right here with us on stage.

  Only the warmest of welcomes from Yale's graduating class, its 300th. Her address combined humor...

Hillary Clinton: In all the years since I have been at Yale, the most important thing that I have to say today is that hair matters.

  ...politics and 2)reminiscences from her years as a Yale University law student. But her main theme, a 3)plea for students not to 4)turn away from the political process.

Hillary Clinton: Bring your values and experiences and insights into politics. Dare to help make, not just a difference in politics, but create a different politics.

Hillary Clinton: President Bush's extremely large tax plan would spend trillions we don't have and may never have. If we reverse the engines of economic growth by adopting President Bush's tax proposal, I fear that we will reverse the progress we've made by increasing interest rates now and by 5)saddling our children with big debts in the future. I know and respect that President Bush supports faith-based programs but his tax plan should not be one of them. Going forward with a huge tax proposal now is like getting a letter from 6)Ed McMan and going out to buy a 7)yacht. A surplus projection 5 is not a promise. And if the past is any guide, it's not even a likely outcome.

Hillary Clinton(At National Press Club): This is a very creative, imaginative group. No, I have said that I am not running. And I am having a great time being pres...of being a first-term, being a first-term Senator.  You are going to get me into so much trouble.

Putin-a strong hand

  There was none of the usual 11)fanfare accompanying a presidential entrance. The simple, informal handshakes of the three journalists to send the message to the thousands watching online that this Russian leader is relaxed and accessible and not afraid of the world's questions.

    Over 15,000 Internet users had emailed in advance. Thousands more queries 6 came in during the live webcast. Mr. Putin dealt with everything fluently, but 12)gave little ground politically. Onequestion from Denmark challenged his policy over Chechnya.

Putin(Interpreter's Voice): I want to thank your correspondent for that question because it reflects perfectly 7 the West's complete lack of understanding of what's going on in the 13)Caucasus and in Chechnya in particular. The Russian army and the Russian people've never waged any 14)campaign against the Chechnyan people.

   But it was the personal answers that were most revealing, his passion for sport and his obsession 8 with Russian history. Even the book he is currently reading is about Russia's imperial past. And from behind the 15)steely 16)gaze, there emerged a surprisingly 17)meek husband.

Putin(Interpreter's Voice): I can't tell my wife what to do. Our relations are such that if I do, I usually find it backfires. She behaves as she sees fit.

   Not so long ago a live webcast like this from the heart of the Kremlin would have been unthinkable. But that's precisely 9 why Mr. Putin wanted to do it, to counter fears that he might be trying to return Russian to the past and to prove he's a thoroughly 10 modern president.

Milosevic:still making history

This is the first time a former head of state is being brought to trial and brought to justice under an international tribunal, the first time ever. And the former Yugoslavian Serbian president Slobodan              Milosevic behaved, well, like a head of state. He 18)thumbed his nose at the tribunal. He said that he did not recognize its jurisdiction 11. He said that this was a politically motivated trial and he generally defied the entire proceedings 13 here. The point of today’s first appearance since his transfer here to the Hague on Thursday night was to have the charges read out against him, to ask him whether he understood the charges and to allow him to enter his plea.

    Milosevic, we have been told by his lawyers last night, would refuse to be defended, would have no 20)defense 14 counsel with him and would want to make a statement having said that he decided 15 and he declared that his transfer here was unconstitutional and illegal and he would not cooperate with this tribunal proceeding 12. Well, the first question the presiding judge asked was whether he wanted to reconsider the fact that he had no defense counsel.

Milosevic: I consider this tribunal forced tribunal and 21)indictments 17 forced indictments. It is illegal being not appointed by 22)UN General Assembly so I have no need to appoint counsel to illegal order.

   The next question of course was, “Do you want the indictment 16 read out against you or do you 23)waive that right?” Milosevic at that point said, “That's your problem” and to that there was a general 24)titter of amusement and 25)chuckles in the gallery because those who have been following Milosevic for the last ten to 13 years know that this performance was 26)vintage Milosovic. His jaw 18 was 27)jutting out, heseemed to be playing to the gallery back at home. He kept looking at the public gallery basically right into the court-appointed cameras there and he kept trying to say that this was a politically motivated proceeding. He said the justification 20 for this proceeding was to hide what he called, “war crimes that NATO committed against Yugoslavia.”

   The presiding judge kept trying to move the proceedings along cutting him off when the speeches tended to go on and he said, “We now take your answers to say that you have waived 21 your right. You never entered a plea, the court then under its rule entered a plea of not guilty” on Milosevic's behalf and the four counts of crimes against humanity and the violation 22 of laws and customs of war with which he is accused.

    After that Milosevic again tried to make a 28)closing statement, the closingspeech. He was again cut off and at that point rather dramatically, the court guards lowered the curtains that separate the public gallery the press and others who were watching from the courtroom proceedings. He was surrounded by several 29)burly UN guards and he was escorted out of the courtroom and back to his detention 23 30)cell in the prison.

Bush and cheney:a yale graduate and a yale dropout 24

(Bush speaking at Yale University)

Bush: As I recall, one of my academic advisers 25 was worried about my selection of 33)such a specialized 26 course.  He said I should focuson English. I still hear that quite often.  But my critics don't realize I don't make verbal 34)gaffes.  I'm speaking in the perfect forms and rhythms of ancient 35)Haiku. I want the entire world to know this: everything I know about the spoken word, I learned right here at Yale.

   In private and increasingly in public, U.S. allies are impatient and angry over George Bush's tendency to walk away from one international treaty after another.

Bush: Make no mistake about it, I think it's important to move beyond the ABM treaty.

   Already Bush has pulled the U.S. out of the Kyoto agreement on global warming. He said he's ready to scrap 27 theAnti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, a cornerstone of arms control, opposed a treaty setting up an international criminal court and weakened a UN agreement to stop the flow of small arms to conflict zones.

Lee Hamilton: I think the Unites States more and more now is being seen as the 38)bully on the block...

   Hamilton, formerly 28 a leading voice on foreign affairs in the US Congress, says Bush is only hurting the US by pursuing 39)go-it-alone policies.

   On 40)Wednesday at a conference in Geneva, the U.S. undermined another international agreement. This one spearheaded by Canada to enforce a treaty banning biological weapons.

    Critics say in the long run the U.S. will pay a price for taking a “my way or the highway” kind of approach to foreign and defense policy. They say that as a superpower with interests all around the world, the U.S. has as much to gain as any country from a global system based on international law and cooperation.

   Most important, congratulations to the class of 2001.  To those of you who received honors, awards, and distinctions, I say, well done.  And to the C students, I say, you, too can be President of the United States.  A Yale degree is worth a lot, as I often remind Dick Cheney, who studied here, but left a little early.  So now we know, if you graduate from Yale, you become President.  If you drop out, you get to be Vice 29 President.

   Well, the U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney is back in hospital in Washington after complaining of new chest pains. Medical staff at the hospital say he's suffering from a partly 42)blocked 43)artery 30 but he didn’t have a heart attack. Mr. Cheney suffered a mild heart attack last November and in 1988 he had 44)quadruple 45)bypass surgery to clear 46)clogged arteries 31.

   The vice president spent the night in hospital after doctors performed an urgent procedure on Monday to clear a partly blocked artery.

Dr.Jonathan Reiner (47)Cardiologist at George Washington Hospital): The question is how serious are his heart problems? You know the vice president has had 48)coronary disease for several decades now. You know certainly for about 25 years. So he has 49)chronic 32, chronic coronary artery disease. This is you know what affects millions of people in this country.

   Dick Cheney is one of the most influential 33 and best-connected men in Washington, a driven workaholic, successful businessman, a very successful politician. But his health poses problems. He suffered his fourth heart attack less than a 50)fortnight after being elected vice-president. President Bush 51)deflected questions about Mr. Cheney’s latest trip to hospital.

Bush: ...precautionary measures...

   Dick Cheney is the 52)linchpin of the Bush administration. And the doctors say there's a 40% chance of his heart problems recurring 34 within six months.

   Vice President Dick Cheney returns to work today. He's a tough guy. He's got a new heart device, a 53)defibrillator, which is designed to correct an irregular heartbeat. The implantable 54)cardioverter defibrillator is set to correct a rapid heartbeat and also if necessary to administer an electrical impulses to return the heartbeat to normal. He has a long history, Mr. Cheney does, of coronary disease. He suffered four heart attacks since 1978. He went to the hospital there on Saturday had this done and he’s going to report to work here this morning and a lot of us are hoping Mr. Cheney's health remains 35 OK.

Chirac: tough times ahead

   The French President Jacques Chirac is facing, will face, one of the toughest tests of his political career. In a televised interview on 55)Bastille Day, he will defend himself against an investigation 36 into his personal finances that has shocked the French country.

   The net is closing on the Chirac family with news that Claude Chirac, the president’s daughter and media advisor 37, has been questioned by magistrates 38 over some $400,000 spent on holidays in hard cash over a three-year period when Jacques Chirac was mayor of Paris.

   Judges want to know where this vast mountain of cash came from and they're likely to question the president's wife Bernadette and they're making moves to go after the president himself even though he's head of state and has legal immunity 39.  The question is will he agree to face questioning? Public opinion has shifted dramatically. A poll this week found that some two thirds of French citizens want their president to answer the judges’ questions.

   Now Jacques Chirac says that much of this cash came from the special or secret fund which he had access to when he was a minister. The trouble is he left the government some four years earlier. And so the French people are being asked to believe that every night for around four years Jacques Chirac would go to bed with some 200,000 pounds stashed 40 under his mattress 41. The other problem is: do people really think that the special funds were designed so that ex-ministers and their 56)coterie could travel the world in luxury?

   It's hard to overstate the significance of the 57)tussle now going on between  president and his would-be inquisitors. Tomorrow Paris celebrates Bastille Day, a day when France's armed forces parade through the capital. This year Jacques Chirac as never before seems to be in need of their protection.

Happy events

   Cuban President Fidel Castro marking his 75th birthday in Venezuela with a party hosted by his friend and singing partner President Hugo Chavez. Mr. Castro was toasted with champagne 42 and cake at a celebration that went on for some hours. Venezuela is a 58)staunch supporter of Cuba. Back in Havana, Cubans celebrated 43 Mr. Castro's birthday without him or cake or songs. They had some marching though.

     In Johannesburg a double celebration for Nelson Mandela.

  “Happy Birthday Mr. Mandela, may your dreams all come true, may your face see the sunshine, happy birthday to you....”

   Schoolchildren helped surprise the former South African president who turned 83 years old on Wednesday. The day also marks Mandela’s third wedding anniversary.

风云人物

赵小兰：美国权位最高的华裔美国妇女

   我的父母都给了我非常多的启发和鼓舞。每当我想起我们一家来美国的经历，我就会想到我父母的勇气和决心。因此，我非常敬佩我的父母，非常钦佩他们为家庭所作的牺牲。在我的整个职业生涯里，我的父母一直都为我指点迷津，提出很多忠告。他们总是在提醒我和我的妹妹一定要以自己的传统为荣，不要忘记自己从哪里来，不要忘记自己的传统价值观。我觉得他们的教导对我非常有帮助，并给了我很大的安慰。对于自己能够理解两个不同的世界，我感到很幸运。如果我能在帮助美国人、帮助美国白人理解亚裔美国人，还有美国国外的亚洲人的方面，扮演积极的角色，我想，一个人能做到这一点是很美妙的事情。反过来，当我回到亚洲，访问不同国家的人民时，我希望我能够与他们交换对美国的看法，这也是有所启迪的。我觉得随着我们的世界变得越来越小，相互之间的了解就更有必要。

   我从来都没有为自己的事业做过什么筹划。我想做的第一件事就是要为我的父母增光，为我的家庭增光，并且为我的社区作贡献。我从来没有什么远大的计划，但我总是想做些有意义的事，帮助他人。如果我能做到这些，那我就感到很满足了。

希拉里，克林顿：初来乍到

耶鲁学生：我们耶鲁大学自己的参议员就在台上。

   希拉里得到耶鲁大学第三百届毕业生最热烈的欢迎。她的讲话不乏幽默感……

希拉里·克林顿∶我离开耶鲁大学这么多年了，今天我得说：最重要的事情是发型。

   ……希拉里谈到了政治，还有她对在耶鲁大学攻读法律时的往事回顾。但她的主要话题是呼吁学生不要逃避政治。

希拉里·克林顿：把你自己的价值观、经历和自己的独特观点带到政治中来。不仅要大胆地在政治中起到自己的作用，而且要能勇敢地创造不同的政治。

希拉里·克林顿∶布什总统异常庞大的税收计划会花掉数万亿我们没有、而且也许永远不会有的钱。如果我们像布什总统的减税计划提议的那样，把经济增长的火车头调过头来，开倒车的话，我恐怕会造成利率上升，逆转经济前进的方向，并给我们将来的子孙后代加上沉重的负债。我知道布什总统支持以宗教信仰为基准的计划，我也尊重他的这种做法，但他的减税计划不应包括在内。如果我们现在实施这个庞大的减税计划，就好像是我们一接到埃德·麦克曼恩的信，就马上去买一艘游艇一样。对预算盈余的预测并不是一个承诺。如果我们能够以历史为鉴的话，这是不可能发生的。

希拉里·克林顿(在全国新闻俱乐部)：你们是一群非常有创造性、极富想像力的人。不会，我说过我不打算竞选。我很高兴作为总……作为第一届，作为第一届参议员。你们将会给我带来很多麻烦。

普京：新官上任

   总统的到来，并没有像往常一样前呼后拥。他与三位新闻记者简单、随意的握手向数以千计正在收看网上直播的人们传递着这样一个信息：俄罗斯总统轻松随和、平易近人，并且已经准备好回答来自世界各地的问题。

   有一万五千多世界网民事前发来了电子邮件，在进行网上直播的同时，又有数以千计的提问不约而至。普京先生熟练地回答着每一个问题，但在政治问题上毫不退让。一个来自丹麦的提问就他在车臣的政策提出了挑战。

普京(翻译者的声音):我感谢你的记者把观众提出的这个问题传给我，因为这正好说明了西方并不理解在高加索地区，特别是在车臣地区发生的事情。俄罗斯军队和俄罗斯人民从未发动过任何针对车臣人民的战争。

   不过，最有意思的是关于他自己个人生活的回答，他酷爱体育运动，对俄罗斯历史非常着迷。他最近在读的书也是与俄罗斯帝国历史有关。而在他刚毅目光的背后，是一个温顺的丈夫。

普京（翻译者的声音）：我没有办法告诉我的妻子她该做什么。我们之间的关系决定，如果我那样做的话，结果通常是事与愿违。她一向我行我素。

   不久以前，在克里姆林宫里面进行网上直播还是一件不可思议的事，但这也正是普京先生走这一步的原因。他要消除世人关于他会把俄罗斯带回过去的恐惧感，他想证明他是一个彻头彻尾的现代总统。

米洛舍维奇：仍在创造历史

   这是第一位出现在国际法庭接受审判的前国家元首，这是历史上第一次。前南斯拉夫塞尔维亚总统斯洛博丹·米洛舍维奇的一举一动尽显元首风范。他对法庭表现出蔑视的态度。他说他不承认这个法庭的司法权，他指出这次审讯是有政治动机的，他全面否定了在这里进行的整个诉讼程序。这是自米洛舍维奇在星期四晚上被送到海牙后的第一次露面，今天开庭的目的是向他宣读对他的指控，问他是否明白这些指控，并允许他对指控提出申辩。

   在昨晚，米洛舍维奇的律师已经告诉我们，他拒绝由他人为他辩护，因此他今天不会带着律师出庭，而且，他会作一个陈述，因为他早已经宣布他自己被移交到海牙法庭手里的行动不符合宪法，是犯法的，他也不会与这个法庭合作。今天主审法官的第一个问题是问他是否想重新考虑不委托律师辩护的决定。

米洛舍维奇：我认为你们对我的审判是强加的，你们对我起诉的罪名是虚假的。这个法庭本身就是非法的，因为它根本就没有获得过联合国安理会的授权，因此我没有必要为这个非法的法庭委托律师。

   主审法官的下一个问题是；“你是否想我们向你宣读对你的起诉，还是说你要放弃你的这项权利？”这时，米洛舍维奇说∶“这是你的事。”这句回答在庭上引起满堂窃笑，那些在过去十三年来一直在密切关注米洛舍维奇的人都知道，这是典型的米洛舍维奇风格。他的下颚向外伸出，他好像是在向自己国家的人作表演，他一直注视着法庭的旁听席，并直视经过法庭准许设置的摄像机。他一直说，这次审判背后有它的政治动机。他说这次审判的真正理由是想“掩盖对南斯拉夫犯下的战争罪行”。

   首席法官一直都尽力想把这次审讯进行下去，在米洛舍维奇的演讲有一发不可收拾的情况下，他打断了他的话，说∶“我们现在把你的回答看成是你已经放弃了你的权利。你没有对指控提出申辩。”然后，法庭按规程代替米洛舍维奇对他4项战争罪名的指控作不认罪的申辩，这些罪名包括反人类罪、违犯战争惯例法。

   接着，米洛舍维奇想作他的最终陈述，他再次被打断。就在这时，非常富有戏剧性的事情发生了，法警落下了旁听席上媒体及旁听者与法庭审讯之间的隔幕。米洛舍维奇被几个身材高大的联合国警卫围起来，被押送走出法庭，回到关押他的监狱牢房里。

布什和切尼：耶鲁毕业与耶鲁辍学者

(布什在耶鲁大学演讲)

布什∶我记得，我的一位学业顾问对我选择了这样一门特别的课程表示担心，他说我应该把精力放在英语上，时至今日，我还常常听到这样的话。不过，我的批评者也许没有意识到我是不会在语言上犯错的。我是在精确地用俳句的体裁和节奏说话。我想让全世界的人知道，我说的每一个字，都是在耶鲁大学这里学的。

   无论是在私下，还是越来越多地在公开场合，对小布什毫不犹豫地放弃一个又一个国际间条约的这种倾向，美国的盟友越来越显得不耐烦，日益恼火。

布什∶确实如此。我想，重要的是要超越《反弹道导弹条约》。

   小布什政府迄今为止已经退出了旨在解决全球转暖问题的《京都议定书》，他说他已打算不执行被认为是军备控制奠基石的《反弹道导弹条约》，他反对设立国际刑事法庭，并削弱联合国制止小型武器流向冲突地区的协定。

利·汉密尔顿:我想美国越来越被人们看成是恃强欺弱的国家……

   汉密尔顿以前是美国国会在外交事务上的主要代言人，他说小布什独断专行的做法只能对美国产生负面影响。

   星期三在日内瓦举行的一个会议上，美国反对又一项国际协议的具体执行方案，这一次是由加拿大牵头、实施禁止使用生化武器的公约。

   批评者说，从长远看，在处理外交事务和制订国防政策方面这种我行我素的方式，将会让美国付出代价。他们说作为一个在世界各地都有利害关系的超级大国，美国可以从一个以国际法律和合作为基础的全球体系得到的好处不会少于其它任何一个国家。

   最重要的是对2001届的毕业生表示祝贺。对那些获得各种荣誉和奖项的毕业生，我要对你们说∶干得好。对那些只取得C的学生，我要对你们说：你们，也能成为美国总统。我经常提醒迪克·切尼，耶鲁大学的文凭是很有价值的，他也曾在这里攻读，只是还没到时候就离开了。现在，我们都知道了，如果你从耶鲁大学毕业了，你就成为总统；如果你辍学了，那你就只能当副总统了。

   美国副总统迪克·切尼在抱怨胸口痛后，又回到了华盛顿的医院。医院的医务人员说那是因为切尼的一条主动脉部分堵塞，但这并不是心脏病发作。切尼在去年十一月曾有过一次心脏病复发，在1988年，为了疏通堵塞的主动脉，他进行了一次四处心脏搭桥手术。

   星期一，在医生进行了一次紧急处理、疏通部分堵塞的主动脉后，副总统在医院住了一个晚上。

乔纳森·赖纳医生（乔治·华盛顿医院心脏病专家）∶关键是他的心脏问题到底有多严重？你们也都知道副总统已经患了数十年的冠状动脉心脏病，大约有二十五年了。因此，他患这种病已经有很久、很久了。在美国，数以百万计的人也患有冠状动脉心脏病。

   迪克·切尼是华盛顿影响力最大、关系网最复杂的人之一，他还是一个工作狂，一个成功的商人，一个颇有建树的政治家，但他的健康状况很成问题。去年他在当选为副总统后不到两个星期就经历了第四次心脏病发作。对于切尼这回再次入院，小布什总统轻描淡写。

布什：……只是预防措施而已……

   迪克·切尼是小布什政府的关键人物。医生说在六个月内，老毛病再犯的机会是四成。

   副总统迪克·切尼今天重返工作岗位，他真是一条硬汉子。他的体内安装了一个新的心脏起搏器。它可以调节不规则的心率过快，在必要时还可以利用电脉冲让心跳重新正常起来。切尼有很长的冠状动脉心脏病病史，自1978年以来，他已经历了四次心脏病发作。他是在星期六去医院让医生把这个装置植入体内的，今天早上他已重返工作岗位，我们许多人都希望切尼保持良好的健康状况。

希拉克：前景不妙

   法国总统正面临……他将面临他政治生涯中最严峻的考验。他将在巴士底日的一次电视采访中为自己辩护，对他的个人财务的调查行动震惊了整个法国。

   有消息说，希拉克的女儿克劳德·希拉克，同时也是他的媒体顾问，已被地方法官传去问话，内容是雅克·希拉克在任巴黎市长期间，她在三年时间里用高达四十万美元的现金去度假。罩在希拉克一家头上的网越拉越紧。

   法官想知道的是这么一笔数额巨大的现金是从哪里来的，他们还很可能询问总统夫人贝娜多特，尽管总统有司法豁免权，他们还是打算向他采取行动。关键是他究竟会不会同意接受盘问。公众舆论已经发生了很大的变化。这个星期的一个民意测验表明，大约有三分之二的法国人希望总统回答法官的问题。

   现在，雅克·希拉克说大部分的现金来自他任部长时一个特别的基金，或者说是一个秘密基金。可是，他早在四年以前就离开了政府部门。因此，法国人要面对的事实是，有四年时间，雅克·希拉克每天晚上都会把大约二十万英磅放在床垫下面。另一个问题就是人们会不会相信这个特别基金设立的目的就是为了让一些前政府部长们和他们那个小圈子里的人能够作豪华环球旅游。

   至于总统与质询者之间的矛盾，现在怎么说都不会过分。明天，巴黎将庆祝巴士底日，在这一天，法国的武装部队将在首都进行列队检阅。今年，雅克·希拉克比以往任何一年都更需要他们的保护。

喜庆之事

   古巴总统菲德尔·卡斯特罗在委内瑞拉参加了一个由他的朋友和歌唱搭档为他举行的晚会，这就是委内瑞拉总统统乌戈·查韦斯特意为他举行的七十五岁生日晚会。在为时数小时的庆祝晚会上，人们频频向卡斯特罗先生举起香槟酒杯，为他献上生日蛋糕。委内瑞拉是古巴的坚定支持者。而在卡斯特罗的家乡哈瓦纳，虽然他本人不在场，也没有蛋糕和歌声，但古巴人用游行为他庆祝生日。

  在约翰内斯堡，尼尔逊·曼德拉双喜临门。

  “祝曼德拉生日快乐，希望你梦想成真，愿阳光照耀你，祝你生日快乐……”

   学生们给这位在星期三满八十三岁的南非前总统曼德拉一个惊喜生日庆祝活动。这一天也是曼德拉的结婚三周年纪念日。

1) conversely   ad. 反过来，相反地

2) reminiscence  n. 回忆，怀旧

3) plea   n. 请求

4) turn away  避开

5) saddle   v. 使负重担，强加

6) Ed McMan 埃德·麦克曼恩。在美国有一家专门赌博公司Publishers Clearing House，这家公司会给大批人寄信，声称收信人已经被选中，将会赢得大奖。 其实这是一家已收订杂志为主要业务的企业，收信人只有订阅杂志才会有中奖的机会，而中奖的机会只是几百万分之一、甚至几千万分之一，中大奖的机会更是微乎其微。而埃德·麦克曼恩一直以来都是这家公司的形象代言人，很多信都以他的名义发出。希拉里在这里用他的名字是说收到他的信并不代表中奖，是很不可靠的。

7) yacht   n. 游艇

8) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty《反弹道导弹条约》。简称ABM，是前苏联和美国于1972年签署的一项双边条约。按照该条约的规定，美国不能发展和部署导弹防御系统。

9) arsenal   n. 军火库         

10) sanction  n. 制裁

11) fanfare   n. 响亮的喇叭声；夸耀

12) give ground 退让，让步

13) Caucasus n. 高加索。俄罗斯西南部一个地区，位于黑海、亚速海同里海之间，车臣就是在这一地区内。

14) campaign   n. 战役，战争    

15) steely   a. 钢铁般的     

16] gaze [geiz] n. 凝视，端详  

17) meek   a. 温顺的，亲切的

18) the tribunal 即United Nations War Crimes Tribunal，联合国战犯法庭，也就是联合国前南战犯法庭，又称“海牙国际战犯法庭”。1993年，联合国安理会决定建立一个国际法庭，主要审判前南斯拉夫境内克罗地亚和波斯尼亚的战争罪犯。法庭设在荷兰的海牙。

19) thumb one’s  nose at 对……表示蔑视 

20) defense counsel 辩护律师  

21) indictment   n. 起诉，控告     22) UN General Assembly 联合国安理会   

23) waive  v. 放弃，不坚持   

24) titter   n. 窃笑    

25)chuckle n. 咯咯地笑          26) vintage   n. 特点      

27) jut 19 out 向外伸，向外突出

28) closing statement 最终陈述。指在法庭上双方或其代表律师所作的最后陈述词。

29) burly   a. 高大结实的，魁梧的

30) cell  n. 单人牢房

31) grueling   a. 使人精疲力竭的，折磨的   

32) fumble   v. 犯错，笨手笨脚

33) such a specialized course: 指下一句讲的俳句。

34) gaffe  n. 失言

35) Haiku n. 俳句。日本一种无韵节的三行诗，每行五或七字，五个音节。

36) scrap  v. 废弃       

37) toss   v. 抛

38) bully   n. 恶霸，恃强凌弱       39) go it alone 独自干，独自干活

40) Wednesday 指7月25日。

41) alma mater 母校注释：

42) block   v. 阻碍，堵塞     

43) artery   n. 主动脉

44) quadruple   a. 四倍的，四重的    45) bypass surgery 心脏搭桥手术      46) clog  v. 阻塞

47) cardiologist n. 心脏病专家      48) coronary artery disease 冠状动脉心脏病

49)chronic a. 慢性的                   50) fortnight   n. 两个星期

51) deflect   v. 转移，引开 

52)linchpin 关键人物              53) defibrillator  n. 去纤颤器

54) cardioverter   n. 心律转变器

55) Bastille Day 巴士底日。即7 月14日，法国国庆日，1789年法国大革命时在这一天攻克了当时作为国家监狱的巴士底狱，因此这一天被称为巴士底日。

56) coterie   n. (由兴趣或背景情况相同的人形成、社交往来密切频繁的)小圈子

57) tussle   n. 争议

58) staunch  a. 忠实的，可靠的