时间:2019-03-11 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   带星号的形容词也可与that从句连用,有时that…should更常见。


  在B-E节中句子用it引导的结构。如果it+be…前的动词是find(发现)/think(想)/be-lieve(相信)等,有时可将that及动词be省略:
  He found that it was impossible to study at home.相当于:
  He found it impossible to study at home.他觉得不可能在家学习。
  1 it+be+形容词(+of+宾语)+动词不定式结构主要与下列各类形容词连用:
  (a)表示性格的有:brave(勇敢的),careless(粗心的),cow-ardly(怯懦的),cruel(残酷的),generous(大方的),good(好的),nice(=kind善良的),mean(吝啬的,卑鄙的),rude(粗鲁的),selfish(自私的),wicked(邪恶的),wrong(不对的)等。与否定动词或疑问动词连用的有:fair*(公正的)/just* (正义的)/right*(对的)。
  (b)表示智能的有:clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),idiotic*(呆痴的),intelligent(有才智的),sensible(有见识的),silly(傻的),stupid(愚蠢的)。
  此外, absurd*(荒谬的),ludicrous*(荒唐的),ridiculous* (滑稽的)和unreasonable*(不合理的)有时也可这样使用。
  It was kind of you to help him.
  你帮助了他,真好心。
  It was stupid(of them) to leave their bicycles outside.(他们)真傻,居然把自行车放在外面了。
  (b)组形容词后的of+宾语结构可省略。有时该结构在(a)组形容词后也可省去,但good和nice除外。(后二者如果省略of+宾语则会改变good和nice的意义。参见E。)2代词+be+形容词+名词+动词不定式既可以与上面的形容词连用,又可以与下列形容词连用:astonishing*(令人惊讶的),curious*(奇怪的),extraordinary*(不寻常的),funny* (=strange*稀奇的),odd*(怪的),queer*(怪的),surpris-ing*(令人惊讶的)等。此外还有pointless(无意义的),useful(有用的)和useless(无用的)也可以这样使用。
  It was a sensible precaution to take.
  这样预防一下是明智的。
  That was a wicked thing to say.
  说那种话太恶劣了。
  这种评价式的话有时可用惊叹句来表达:
  What a funny way to park a car!
  这样停车好怪!
  What an odd time to choose!
  选的时间多怪!
  有时在一些表示不赞成的句子中,形容词可以省略:
  What a(silly) way to bring up a child!
  怎么用这种(愚蠢的)方法带孩子!
  What a time to choose!
  怎么选了这么个时间!
  that从句的例句如:
  It is strange/odd/surprising that he hasn’t answered.真是奇怪/古怪/令人惊讶,他怎么没回音。
  it+be+形容词+动词不定式结构中可以用下列词:advisable*(合意的),inadvisable*(不可取的),better*(较好的),best(最好的),desirable*(可取的),essential*(必要的),good(好的,可取的),important*(重要的),necessary*(必要的),un-necessary*(不必要的),vital*(非常重要的)。也可以用only+fair*(公平的)/just*(合理的)/right*(对的)。
  例句如:
  —Wouldn’t it be better to wait?
  —No,It’s essential to book in advance.—等一等不更好吗?
  —不行,必须预先订票。
  可在除good以外的形容词后或在just后加for+宾语,但在good后会改变其意思,见下文E:
  It won’t be necessary for him to report to the police.他没必要去报告警察。
  It is only fair for him to have a chance.给他一次机会才是公平合理的。
  inessential(非必要的)和unimportant(不重要的)通常不这么用,但可以说not essential。
  it+be+形容词(+for+宾语)+动词不定式结构中可以用下列形容词:convenient*(便利的),dangerous(危险的),diffi-cult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard*(艰难的),possible*(可能的),impossible(做不到的),safe(安全的),unsafe(不安全的)。
  Would it be convenient(for you) to see Mr X now?
  (您)现在见X先生方便吗?
  It was dangerous(for women) to go out alone after dark.(妇女们)天黑以后单独出门是危险的。
  We found it almost impossible to buy petrol.我们发现几乎买不到汽油。(参见上面A。)
  上述形容词除possible之外,均可用于名词+be+形容词+动词不定式结构中:
  This cake is easy to make.
  这蛋糕很容易做。
  The instructions were hard to follow.
  这指示很难遵从。
  This car isn’t safe to drive.
  这辆车开起来不安全。
  it+be+形容词/分词+动词不定式可以和下列表示人物感情或反应的形容词及分词连用:agreeable(适意的),awful*(糟糕的), delightful*(令人愉快的),disagreeable(令人不愉快的),dreadful*(可怕的),good*/nice*(=pleasant好的),horrible*(可怕的),lovely*(可爱的),marvellous*(奇妙的),splendid*(极好的),strange*(奇怪的),terrible*(可怕的),wonderful*(精彩的)。
  还可用下列动词的现在分词形式:alarm*(使惊慌),amaze* (使惊奇),amuse*(使感到好玩),annoy*(使烦躁),astonish*(使惊讶),bewilder(使困惑),bore(使厌烦),depress*(使感到压抑),disappoint*(使失望),discourage*(使沮丧),dis-gust*(使感厌恶),embarrass(使窘迫),encourage*(鼓励),excite(使激动), frighten(惊恐), horrify*(使恐惧), interest*(使感兴趣), surprise*(使惊讶), terrify(使恐怖), upset(使心绪烦乱)。
  名词fun(使人高兴的经历)和a relief(宽心的事)可与上述词同样用:
  It’s awful to be alone in such a place.独自呆在这种地方是够可怕的。
  It’s boring to do the same thing everyday.每天干同一种工作是挺烦人的。
  It was depressing to find the house empty.发现屋里没人,令人心里很郁闷。
  It would be fun/exciting/interesting to canoe down the river.划小艇顺河而下是很好玩的/令人兴奋的/有趣的。
  It was a relief to take off our wet boots.脱掉我们的湿靴子是个解脱。
  在lovely(可爱的),interesting(有趣的),marvellous(极妙的),nice(好的),wonderful(精彩的)等词之后加上for+宾语结构是常见的,for+宾语结构也可用在其他形容词之后:
  It’s interesting(for children) to see a house being built.(孩子们)看造房子是挺有趣的事。
  It was marvellous(for the boys) to have a garden to play in.(男孩子们)能有个花园在里面玩耍,真是妙极了。
  注意:如在good后面加上for+宾语,则把good的意义限制在healthy(有益健康的)/beneficial(有益处的)方面:
  It’s good for you to take regular exercise.经常锻炼对你的身体是有好处的。
  (good+动词不定式既有这种含义,也有“愉快的”/“好心的”和“适当的”等意思,请参见上面的B节与C节。)it+be+形容词+名词+动词不定式结构也可和上述形容词及分词连用:
  It was an exciting ceremony to watch.
  观看这个仪式真叫人兴奋。
  It was a horrible place to live(in).
  住在那个地方可是够可怕的。
  在主语+be+形容词+动词不定式结构中如用下列形容词:angry*(发怒的), delighted*(高兴的), dismayed*(沮丧的),glad*(高兴的), happy(幸福的), pleased*(欢喜), relieved*(放心),sad*(伤心), sorry*(抱歉的)及上面E节中的动词的过去分词形式,可表示与上述相似的意思:
  I’m delighted to see you.
  我见到你很高兴。
  这里最常用的动词不定式有:to find(发现)/learn(得知)/hear(听说)/see(看到),但glad(高兴)/happy(幸福)/sad(悲伤)/sorry(抱歉)等形容词后面也常常使用to say(说)/tell(告诉)/inform(通知)及其他一些动词不定式:
  He was glad to leave school.
  他很高兴不去上学了。
  She was dismayed to find the door locked.发现门是锁着的,她非常沮丧。
  主语+be+形容词/分词+动词不定式结构中可用下列词:
  able(能够)/unable(不能够); apt(易于的), inclined(倾向于赞同),liable(有义务的/易于……的),prone(有……倾向的/易于受到……的); prepared(有准备的), not prepared(=notready, not willing, unwilling没料到的,不情愿的),reluctant(勉强的); prompt(及时的), quick(迅速的),slow(慢的):
  We are all apt to make mistakes when we try to hurry.我们想赶快把事办完时,都容易出错误。
  I am inclined to believe him.
  我倾向于相信他。
  I am prepared/ready to help him.
  我准备帮助他。
  He was most reluctant to lend us the money.他很不情愿把钱借给我们。
  He was slow to realize that times had changed.相当于:
  He realized only slowly that times had changed.他慢慢地才认识到时代不同了。
  本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑。
 

标签: 托福语法
学英语单词
abnomal loss
adsorption bond
antisunward
Arrowsmith, Pt.
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avon r.
backward-forward counter
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corrosion at initial boiling point
counteract the toxicity of another drug
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taper pipe thread
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true angle
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vision carrier
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