英语基础语法·介词
时间:2019-03-11 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
英语基础语法·介词
1. 介词的定义
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 或者词与句之间的关系的词,在句中不能单独作句成分。介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子,短语或从句。
2. 介词的种类
(1)简单介词,如at, in off, on, by, to, with等。
(2)合成介词,如into, inside, within, throughout 1等。
(3)短语介词,如according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite 2 of等。
(4)二重介词,如from behind, from among, until after, at about等。
3. 介词的宾语
(1)名词:Let’s go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。
(2)代词:He’s standing 3 in front of me.我站在我前面。
(3)形容词:Her pronunciation is far from prefect.她的语音远不是完美的。
注:有的形容词前可看作是省略了being。
(4)动名词:He’s good at drawing.他善长绘画。
(5)过去分词:I took it for granted 4 that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。
注:过去分词作介词宾语只限于take…for granted结构和用于regard…as后。
(6)不定式:I had no choice but to lie down.除了躺下外我别无选择。
She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。
注:介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的,只有表示“除……外”的but, except等个别介词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词do时,不定式不用to,否则要带to。
(7)疑问词+不定式:I don’t know how to improve my English.我不知道如何提高我的英语水平。
(8)副词:I didn’t know it until recently.直到最近我才知道此事。
(9)数词:He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的。
(10)介词短语:She won’t go home until after the exam.她要考完试之后再回家。
(11)从句:Think of what I said. 想想我说的话。
I’m worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
I have doubts about whether(不用if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否做这项工作的最好人选。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
注:除except that, in that等后可接that从句外,通常只接连接代词、连接副词及whether引导的从句,也不接if引导的从句。
4. 介词短语的作用
介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,其用法如下:
(1)作定语:The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣的那个女孩是我妹妹。
注:介词短语作定语总是放在它所修饰的名词后面。
(2)作状语:Can you say it in English?这个你会用英语说吗?
(3)作表语:He’s in the office.他在办公室。
(4)作补语:I always find her at her studies.我经常发现她在学习。
(5)作介词宾语:I saw her from across the street.我从街对面望见了她。
adv.到处,自始至终;prep.遍及,贯穿
- These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country.这些杂志在全国各地书店均有发售。
- Guilin is known throughout the world for its scenery.桂林以山水著称于世。
n.(用于短语)虽然,不顾,尽管
- He has modern ideas in spite of his great age.尽管他年事很高,但思想观念却很入时。
- In spite of his anger,his remarks were restrained.他尽管生气,说的话还是有节制的。
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
标签:
介词