高考英语词汇归类复习-3/4
时间:2019-03-04 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
三、从对比词/词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关
1.动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果, 这类动词常见的有:look for(寻找),find(找到);look(看),see(看见);listen(听),hear(听到);try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage(设法,侧重做到);advise(劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade(劝服, 侧重劝成功)
(87高考)How can you__________if you are not_________? A.listen,hearing B.hear,listening C.be listening,heard D.be hearing,listened to
2.词序不同、意思就不同: 有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有:before long(不久以后),long before(很久以前)turn in(上交;就寝),in turn(按次序,轮流)hand in(上交),in hand(在手边)from far(来自远方),far from(离得远;远非)much too(非常,修饰形容词或副词),too much(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)if only(要是…),only if(只有…)all in(精疲力尽),in all(总共)good for(对…有好处),for good(永远)
(95上海)It was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. A.too very B.much too C.too much D.far
Before long,he moved to London and made London the base for his revolutionary work.
It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove 1 the Aus trians out of their homeland.
3.动词后有无介词,意思不同: 因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如:search(对人、物或场所搜查),search for(搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leave for(去某地)reach(到达;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(准备),prepare for(为…作准备)enter(进入),enter for(报名参加)run(经营;跑),run for(竞选)stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回答),answer for(负责)know(了解,知道),know about(知道关于…)pay(付钱、债给某人),pay for(付钱买某物)
The baby reached for the apple but he couldn't reach it.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果,但够不到。
The mayor 2 who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate 3.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备 去竞选参议员。
4.有无-ly,意思和用法都不同: 这词在教材中较多。一般来说,在形容词后加了-ly成了副词,但有些形容词不加-ly时也可作副词,因而 在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用法分类记忆:
a.表具体(无-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的区别:wide(宽广),widely(广泛地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)
b.有无-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近),nearly(几乎)hard(努力),hardly(几乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象…一样),likely(大概,也许)dear(昂贵),dearly(深切地;昂贵地)close(靠近地),closely(密切地)late(迟到),lately(最近)bad(坏),badly(恶劣地;严重地)
5.合写与分写时意思不同:这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:sometime(某个时候),some time(一段时间)sometimes(有时),some times(几次)everyday(adj."日常的",作定语),every day(每天)anyway(adv.无论怎样),any way(以任何方式)altogether(总共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已经),all ready(都已准备好)everyone(每个人,指人,不可接of短语),every one (每个人或物,后可接of短语)none(没有,可指人或物),no one(没有,专指人)
(95高考)They were all very tired,but_____of them would stop to take a rest. A.any B.some C.none D.neither
6.差了一个字母a,意思大不同: 这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使用时也常混淆,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别。如:
alive(adj."活着的",作表语),live(adj.修饰物,作定语:a live fire)
alone(adj.,adv."独自",作形容词时作表语),lone(adj."孤独的;偏僻的",作定语)
asleep(adj."熟睡的",常作表语),sleep(V.,n.睡着)
awake(adj.,v."醒着;叫醒",作形容词时作表语),wake(v.叫醒)
alike(adj."相象的",表语形容词),like(v.,prep.,adj.喜欢;象…一样)
arise(vi.产生;发生;出现),rise(vi.起来;上涨;上升)
across(prep.,adv.穿过;横过),cross(v.穿过;横过)
await(vt."等候",直接接宾语),wait(vi."等候",不及物动词)
aloud(adv."大声地",与read,call,cry等连用,无比较级形式),loud(adv."大声地,响亮地", 常与talk,speak,shout,laugh等词连用)
注意:有a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时则要后置。如:It's difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.
四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关
归纳易拼错的常用词如:quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克单词拼写难关。
- He drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour.他以每小时60英里的速度开车。
- They drove foreign goods out of the market.他们把外国货驱逐出市场。
- The new mayor said he would clean the city up.新市长说,他要整顿本市。
- The mayor hurried into his office,brushing off the reporters.市长赶快走进办公室,拒不接见记者。