从高考题看情态动词的用法-1
时间:2019-03-04 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
最近几年高考试题中常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此在平时学习时准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法十分重要。情态动词的用法复杂多变,在高考试题中,命题者常常利用语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的理解和掌握。对于情态动词,除了要求考生能够准确掌握它们的基本用法外,还要充分利用高考试题所设置的语境来分析句子之间所体现的特殊关系。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。
一、用“情态动词+have +done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。
1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:
must have done: 表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作“一定做了……”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done? 疑问式为Can/Could...have done﹖。
could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作“可能做了……”。如:
1) Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. ?(北京 2000春)
A. might B. should C. can D. will
该题前句说明了结果,后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性,对前句进行补充说明。分析选项可知本题应选A。
2) My sister met him at the Grand 1 Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. ?(上海 2000)
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
该题前句叙说一个客观事实,后句对前句进行补充说明,分析选项可知C是错误的? 而B、D两项不符合题意。故本题选A。又如:
Jack 2 ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海’97)
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived (C)
2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:
should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。
need not have done:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如:
3) I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (NMET2001)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知,事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。
4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her. (NMET’94)
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。
一、用“情态动词+have +done”结构表示对过去动作的推测,高考试题中常用过去时态或过去的时间状语给以暗示。情态动词的这一用法可以用 “对立统一”来概括。
1.当试题的前句和后句在动作和意义上相互补充说明,且整个句意在动作和时间上是一个整体时,我们可用“统一”关系来解决这样的试题。常见的结构有:
must have done: 表示对过去动作的肯定推测,常译作“一定做了……”,只能用于肯定句中。其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done? 疑问式为Can/Could...have done﹖。
could /might have done:表示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测,常译作“可能做了……”。如:
1) Sorry I’m late. I _____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. ?(北京 2000春)
A. might B. should C. can D. will
该题前句说明了结果,后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性,对前句进行补充说明。分析选项可知本题应选A。
2) My sister met him at the Grand 1 Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture. ?(上海 2000)
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
该题前句叙说一个客观事实,后句对前句进行补充说明,分析选项可知C是错误的? 而B、D两项不符合题意。故本题选A。又如:
Jack 2 ____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me. (上海’97)
A. mustn’t have arrived
B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived
D. need not have arrived (C)
2.当试题的前后句在动作和意义上构成转折关系时,常借助“but, however, instead”等词来表示过去的动作与客观事实不符,这时我们就可以用“对立”关系来解决这样的试题。这种结构常见的有:
should have done / ought to have done:表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。
should not have done / ought not to have done:表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。
need have done:表示过去本来有必要去做某事,但事实上没有做。
need not have done:表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。如:
3) I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word. (NMET2001)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
分析该题前后句之间的关系和语气可知,事实上是 “本不应该离家出走却走了”,故本题选B。
4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her. (NMET’94)
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系,分析题意可知本题应选C。
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