MUSE VOCABULARY

Secrets to vocabulary

　Now we'll give you an example of how easy and effective our word power system is. For each word we'll be doing these four steps that you’ll do on your own.

　One, I’ll pronounce and spell the new word. Be sure to repeat the pronunciation after me so that you have it right. Two, I'lldefine the word. Three, for some of the words I’ll explain the origin and the meaning of the root when it’s useful. I'll give their prefix and its meaning as well as the suffix 2. Four, I’ll use the word in several or more sentences.

　We've already talked about the word circumspect 3. That means cautious, watchful 4, to look around before taking action. Here's another one you've probably seen and heard: proprietary 5, p-r-o-p-r-i-e-t-a-r-y. Remember to repeat the pronunciation after me: proprietary. The basic meaning of proprietary is privately 6 owned and it’s usually associated with products manufactured, sold and patented by a particular firm. Let's use it in a sentence: “Pharmaceutical 7 companies introduced new proprietary drugs,” or “a computer company might develop proprietary software.

　Our third word is syndrome 8, s-y-n-d-r-o-m-e. Syndrome is a pattern or a set of symptoms characterizing an abnormal state. If you've done any jogging, possibly you’ve heard of runner's knee syndrome; or countries with financial problems may have a dangerous syndrome of high inflation. Here's a clue to remembering it. The Greek prefix syn, s-y-n, means together and the root dramon in Greek means to run. So think of syndrome as a series of several small streams of trouble all eventually running together to form a big river of troubles. Other words with this prefix syn meaning together are syndicate, synthesis, synergy.

　 The fourth word is one that has to do with prestige and status. It's cachet, c-a-c-h-e-t. In my book I said that a Rolls Royce, designer clothes or Tiffany jewelry 9 are a few of the expensive status symbols in our society that confer a sense of cachet on the person who owns them; prestige or status. Cachet is something many people work very hard at getting and in some circles it's more important than money. Here's a memory tip. If you can cash a check-this is a plan the word cachet-if you can cash a check in the best restaurants, you obviously have a good deal of prestige.

　Parameter 10, p-a-r-a-m-e-t-e-r, is our fifth word. Parameter. Parameter used to be strictly 11 a scientific word of relative measurement, but in recent years it's gone public so to speak and we the public use it in a sense of a guideline or criterion. For example, One of the government's parameters 12 of foreign policy,” or “At the Board of Directors meeting, Paul asked about the company's marketing 13 parameters, guidelines or criteria 14.” The prefix para, p-a-r-a, which means along side of is found in other words such as paralegal or paramilitary. In parameter, the element meter, m-e-t-e-r, comes from the Greek metron, m-e-t-r-o-n, a measuring stick. So parameter is literally 15 a measuring stick along side of what is being measured. Be sure not to make the mistakes that many people do to confuse parameter with perimeter 16. Perimeter is the outer edge of a boundary. Perimeter and parameter are two very different words.

　Gregarious 17 Mary is both a politician and a poet. The anomaly in her personality is that she is both outgoing and circumspect. She embraces an ambition for the cachet of a potent 18 vocabulary with which she can adroitly 19 confound her political opponents and additionally she can express her ideas in the form of blank verse. When running for election, she uses the subterfuge 20 of repudiating 21 her opponents with pejorative 22 comments about their abilities to comprehend the parameters of public policy. One might say that her opponents display a syndrome called being tongue-tied. In her work as a poet, she has developed an almost proprietary style of writing in which the verbal images have an asymmetric 23 quality that impress the readers with their uniqueness. Extrapolating from our description, you can imagine that Mary's nemesis 24 is conformity 25. Her mastery of vocabulary is striking and memorable 26.

单词小博士

学习英语词汇的窍门

　 现在，我们举个例子，看看我们的词汇学习方法是如何轻而易举，同时又富有成效的。每个单词，我们都会分四个步骤，你们也可以同样采用这四个步骤。

　 首先，我会把单词的发音念一遍，并拼出来。你要跟着我念单词，这样你就能发准音。第二步，我会给单词下定义。第三步，我会解释一些单词的来历，以及有用的词根。我还会告诉你单词的前缀、后缀和它们的意思。第四步，我会把单词用在句子里。

　 我们已经讨论过circumspect这个单词了（见《疯狂英语》21期），它的意思是cautious, watchful, to look around before taking action(谨慎的，慎重的，在采取行动前向周围看)。下面这个单词你可能已经听过了：proprietary, p-r-o-p-r-i-e-t-a-r-y。现在，跟着我念这个单词, proprietary。这个单词最基本的意思是privately owned（私有的），它常与某一个公司生产、销售或受专利保护的产品有关。我们现在把它用在句子里∶Pharmaceutical companies introduced new proprietary drugs. （医药公司推出了新的专利药品。）A computer company might develop proprietary software. （一个电脑公司会研制新的专卖软件。）Proprietary是以拉丁文“proprius”，p-r-o-p-r-i-u-s，为基础发展而来的，它的意思是for one person（一个人的），因此，我们又有了另一个字proprietor，这是a storeowner（一个业主）的意思。

   第三个单词是syndrome，s-y-n-d-r-o-m-e。Syndrome是a pattern or a set of symptoms characterizing an abnormal state（显示非正常状态的一个模式或一组症状）的意思。如果你曾进行慢跑锻炼，你就有可能听说过跑步膝关节综合症，或者出现金融问题的国家可能会有高通胀的危险征候。给你们一个记忆的窍门。来自希腊语的前缀syn，s-y-n，是together（一起）的意思，而来自希腊语的词根dramon是to run（跑）的意思。所以，你可以这样想：一系列的不同问题的小溪流渐渐汇集，形成了一条有各种问题的大河。还有另外一些单词与syn（一起）这个前缀有关，如syndicate（财团）， synthesis（意义正确但不符合语法规则的句子结构），和synergy(协同作用)。

　 第四个单词与声望和地位有关。这就是cachet, c-a-c-h-e-t。我说过，在我们这个社会，劳斯莱斯、名师设计的服装或者说蒂法尼珠宝是昂贵的身份象征的几个代表，它们给主人带来的是prestige（声望）或status（地位，身份）的标记。Cachet是很多人奋斗的目标，在一些小圈子里，它比金钱更加重要。记忆窍门：如果你能……你可以这样用cachet这个字，如果你能够在最有名望的饭店把支票兑成现金，不用说，你是一个有很高声望的人。

　 第五个单词是parameter, p-a-r-a-m-e-t-e-r。Parameter本来完全是一个量度的科学用语，但近年来，这个单词已经大众化，在某种意义上，我们把它看作a guideline（准则）或criterion（标准）的意思。例：One of the government’s parameters of foreign policy. （政府在对外政策上的一条准则。）或At the Board of Directors meeting, Paul asked about the company’s marketing parameters, guidelines or criteria. （在董事会上，保罗询问公司市场开发的决定性因素，也就是准则或准。）。前缀para, p-a-r-a，是along side of（在……一旁）的意思，同样的前缀还可以在paralegal（辅助律师业务的）或paramilitary（辅助军事的）中见到。在parameter一词中，meter, m-e-t-e-r，来自希腊语的metron，m-e-t-r-o-n，是a measuring stick（测量尺度）的意思。因此，papameter也就是a measuring stick along side of what is being measured（被测量物体旁的测量尺度）的意思。但不要学大多数人那样把parameter与perimeter混为一体。Perimeter是边界的外缘。Perimeter和parameter是两个不同的单词。

　 喜欢与人相处的玛丽既是一个政客，又是一名诗人。她性格中不同寻常之处是她又为人直爽，却又小心谨慎。一方面，她信奉巧妙运用有力的语汇来击败她的政治对手，另一方面，她能用无韵诗来表达她的意见和想法。在竞选时，她使用贬损性的语言驳斥对手在对公共政策准则理解方面的无能。也许你可以说她的对手们都变得张口结舌了。在作为一个诗人时，她已形成了一种自己独特的写作风格，她那种文字的非对称性特征给读者留下深刻印象。从我们的描述中，你可以知道对玛丽的惩罚就是雷同。她运用词汇的熟练程度是非常出众和令人难忘的。