时间:2019-03-02 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

  倒装句有两种:


  将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(CompleteInversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.
  只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late toclass.
  英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。
  一、 表示强调:
  倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:
  1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。
  eg.Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。
  eg.Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。
  2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, nosooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。
  eg. No sooner had I got home than it beg.an to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。
  eg. Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。
  3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。
  eg.So unreasonable 1 was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。
  eg.To such length did she go in rehearsal 2 that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。
  以上各例子都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。
  二、 承上启下
  有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。
  eg.They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Aroundhis head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。
  eg. We really should not resent being called paupers 3. Paupers we are, and paupers we shallremain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。
  三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛
  在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:
  Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。
  再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:
  Out of the bosom 4 of the Air,
  Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,
  Over the woodlands brown and bare,
  Over the harvest-fields forsaken 5,
  Silent, and soft, and slow,
  Descends 6 the snow.
  在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。
  四、 平衡结构
  英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。
  1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。
  eg.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters torescue the trapped miners.
  eg.A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters torescue the trapped miners.
  一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。
  eg.On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
  eg.Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.
  地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。
  从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。
  2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。
  eg.Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。
  3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。
  eg.Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。
  五、 使描写生动
  有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on,away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。
  eg.Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。
  eg.Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed 7 his pistolat him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。
  eg.Boom went the cannon 8! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!
  eg.Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!
  以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。
  "Stop thief! Stop thief!" There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves hiscounter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...
  "Stop thief ! Stop thief !" The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashingthrough the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )
  作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Awaythey fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。
  倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,托福作文中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。预祝大家取得理想成绩!

adj.不讲道理的,不合情理的,过度的
  • I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。
  • They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。
n.排练,排演;练习
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
  • You can sharpen your skills with rehearsal.排练可以让技巧更加纯熟。
n.穷人( pauper的名词复数 );贫民;贫穷
  • The garment is expensive, paupers like you could never afford it! 这件衣服很贵,你这穷鬼根本买不起! 来自互联网
  • Child-friendliest among the paupers were Burkina Faso and Malawi. 布基纳法索,马拉维,这俩贫穷国家儿童友善工作做得不错。 来自互联网
n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;adj.亲密的
  • She drew a little book from her bosom.她从怀里取出一本小册子。
  • A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom.他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。
v.下来( descend的第三人称单数 );下去;下降;下斜
  • This festival descends from a religious rite. 这个节日起源于宗教仪式。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The path descends steeply to the village. 小路陡直而下直到村子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.尖的,直截了当的
  • He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
n.大炮,火炮;飞机上的机关炮
  • The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
  • The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。
标签: 托福写作
学英语单词
a gemini
Addtl
aligning microscope
appoximate continuity
Arderone
auxiliary firing
body search
bonibells
bubble dancer
bus duct work
bustiers
cancelled ballot ticket
chip shell
coalign
cotton gatherer
crest angle
cronje
cubango
cut-off interval
cycloses
depilators
dip coating process
distance correcting mechanism of range-finder
DMZ hosts
dryhanded
dryness-moistening and phlegm-resolving prescription
Fergusonite-trihydrate
filament emission
fine and microstructure of ocean
galactaric acid
good-times
granados
half-duplex
hyaline cell
hydroxyphenylarsonic acid
inferior carotid ganglia
integrated sounding system (iss)
interface description language
invisible runners
kakortokite
keep your eye on the ball
Koch's node
larch bark extract
line-sequential color-television
liquid breakdown
liquidation statement
long summer
machine-readable texts
maintenance team
matako
mazurek
mesoporous molecular sieve catalyst
monascus
multirelation
Nea Dimmata
night-creams
Nocardiophage
nomo-
nonerupted deciduous teeth
nonreconstructive inversion
nuplex
Ojo de Laguna
Ollantaitambo
operating losses
palilalias
parturiates
party-man
pashminas
payment of royalty
pendulous axis
phylosopher
pickled
population distribution
position modulation
prediction accuracy
purified helium product cooler
repaneled
ruddys
Runamycin
serve the turn
shatterindex
side draw tray
skew pupils
sputtering deposition
stereoscopic rangefinder
sulfatidate
Szabo
tampulbolon
tautomerizm
telc
tilting prevention device
Timpas
to keep your eyes peeled
unchampioned
Uniloy
universal-joint journal
vaccary
Vsign
water-sop
Whitworth standard screw thread
young Turks