英语美文：如何做一个成功的领导者

 How to be a leader 

如何做一个成功的领导者
[1]Being considered a leader in our society is the ultimate『最高的；极至的』compliment. "Leadership has become the universal vitamin C pill," says psychologist David Campbell of the Center for Creative Leadership in Colorado Springs, Colo. "People seem to want megadoses『大剂量』."
[1] 被人认为是一个领导者在我们社会里是一种非常高的赞誉。科罗拉多州的科罗拉多斯普林斯“创造性领导研究中心”的心理学家戴维·坎贝尔说：“领导能力已成为普遍适用的维他命C.药片，看起来人们想要成千上万片的剂量。”
[2] No wonder. Leadership bestows 1 『把…赠予；把…给予』 power, commands 『赢得；博得』 respect and, most important, fosters 『促进；培养』 achievement. Unlike vitamins, though, leadership skills can't be easily gulped 2 『吞食；吞服』 down. They must be carefully cultivated 『培养；磨炼』 .
[2] 这毫不奇怪。领导能力带来权力，赢得尊重，而最重要的是，它带来成就。但与维他命不同的是，领导能力并不是轻易可吞下去的，它们需要仔细培养。
[3] Contrary to popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They hone 『磨练』 their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they cultivate? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
[3] 和一般的观念相反，绝大多数出色的领导者是后天选就而不是先天生成的。他们在日常的生活中炼就了他们的技能。
[4] Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity 3 that's never forgotten.
[4] 经常赞扬别人。很多领导人物指出，让别人出色工作的最有效的办法是象对待英雄似地对待他们。世界上最好的领导技巧是当有人取得成就时就当众赞扬他们。这也是一种人们永远不会忘记的慷慨行为。
[5] Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive 4 criticism, which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, co-author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. "Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it. The loyalty 5 you will generate 『产生；导致』 is arguably the most important currency a leader has.
[5] 给予赞扬比即使是最有建设性的批评更有效。这种批评常常会伤害人，而不是帮助人。《一分钟经理》一书的作者之一肯尼思·布兰查德也这样认为：“注意人们做得对的时候，然后把这告诉大家。这样你所引发的忠诚很可能是一个领导者所能拥有的最重要的成功保证。
[6] Take informed risks. "The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise," says management consultant 6 Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers 7 don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes 『降落伞』 beforehand."
[6]冒预料中的风险。“最好的领导者都知道冒风险并不是一种鲁莽的行为。”管理顾问玛里琳·马克洛维茨这样说，“跳伞者在没有检查降落伞是否好用之前是不会上飞机的。”
[7] Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us tend to wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail-and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
[7] 由于冒风险也包含了失败的可能性，我们中很多人就倾向于让人们带头去冒险。但是，如果你想成为一个领导者，你就必须学会失败--但不是一受挫折就躺倒不干，而是跌倒了再爬起来，一切从零开始。
[8] Show the way. In 1965, Lee Ducat was a Philadelphia homemaker with a child who had just been found to have diabetes 8 『糖尿病』 . Ducat tried to reach out to other mothers of diabetic kids, but at first no one wanted to talk.
[8] 以身作则。李·杜坎特是费城的一个家庭妇女，1965年，她的一个孩子被确诊为得了糖尿病。杜坎特想和其他有糖尿病孩子的母亲交往。但一开始没有人愿意和她深入交谈。
[9] Finally Ducat managed to find three other mothers willing to share their experience, and from that beginning she went on to found and lead the Juvenile 9 Diabetes foundation, which currently has 150 chapters worldwide. Ducat also formed and now heads the National disease Research Interchange, which procures 10 human tissues for vital research. Lee Ducat's secret? Being a role model.
[9] 后来，杜坎特终于设法找到了三个愿意彼此分享经历的母亲，自此以后，她再接再励，建立并领导了“青少年糖尿病基金会。”现在该基金会在全世界已有150个分会。杜坎特还建立并领导了“全国疾病研究交流中心”，核中心设法获得供生命研究用的人体组织。杜坎特成功的秘密是什么？身体力行。
[10] "Have you ever noticed that if you smile at people, they smile back?" she asks. "Well, if you're giving, people want to give right back. If you're sure-footed, they want to follow in your footsteps. If you're confident about reaching a goal, others echo that confidence and try to achieve it for you."
[10] 她这样问道：“你是否注意到，如果你向人们微笑，他们也会向你报以微笑吗？”是的。如果你给予别人，别人也会给予你。如果你的步伐坚定，人们就会跟从你。如果你对达到一个目标充满信心，其他人就会同样具有信心并会试着和你一起去实现它。
[11] "The best thing you can do is to get followers 11 to mirror your actions by being what you wish them to be."
[11]“你能做的最好的事情是得到这样一些跟随者，他们仿效你的行为，成为你所希望的那种人。”
[12] Keep the faith. Successful leaders often say that if you trust others to do well, they will. If, on the other hand, you believe your people will fail, they will probably meet your expectations as well. Businessman-philanthropist W. Clement 12 Stone suggests that you express your faith in a letter. He says the executive who writes of faith in and commitment to his salespeople 13 can motivate them to break records; the teacher who writes individual notes of encouragement to students can lead them to extraordinary heights. Having faith in someone gives him self-confidence and pleasure. It may sound corny 『老一套的』 , but the experts agree it works.
[12] 坚持信念。成功的领导者常说，如果你相信别人能干好，他们就会干好。反之，如果你相信你的人会失败，他们可能真的会和你想像的一样失败了。信奉博爱主义的企业家克莱门特·斯通建议你以写信的方式来表达你对别人能获得成功的信念。他说，那些给推销员写信表示信任并给推销员一定的自主权的领导者们，可以鼓励推销员打破他们原有的推销记录：那些给学生写鼓励性评语的教师能够把他们的学生引向非凡的高度。对别人抱有信心能给予他自信和快乐。这可能听起来似乎是陈词滥调，但专家们同意这确是有效的。
[13] Get a compass. People don't follow leaders who lack direction. Estee Lauder, founder 14 of the cosmetics 15 company, has led thousands of employees to great success. She claims that every business leader she knows puts a clear picture of what he wants to achieve in his mind and stays focused on the picture. "People want to follow those who promise-and deliver-success," she says.
[13] 有明确的目标。人们不会跟从那些没有方向感的领导。埃斯蒂·劳德--埃斯蒂· 劳德化妆品公司的创始人引导了她的成千上万的雇员走向巨大的成功。她说，她所知道的每一个商界领导人在心中都有一幅他想要达到的目标的清晰图画，并总是瞄着这一图画。她说：“人们愿意跟从那些许诺成功和带来成功的人。”
[14] Act the part. Good leaders have learned to sound and look like winners. They may sometimes doubt themselves, but they don't show it, says management consultant Paula Bern. They act as if they know where they're going.
[14] 扮演角色。好的领导者都学会了怎样听起来和看起来象个胜利者。他们有时可能也会怀疑自己，但他们并不显露出来，管理顾问葆拉·伯恩说。他们显得好象很清楚自己在走向何方。
[15] Leaders also know that appearance and manners count. They are usually pleasant to be with; their speech is polished 『变得优雅』 , their demeanor 16 『行为』 unruffled 『沉着的』 and assured.
[15] 领导人物也知道外表和举止很重要。他们常常是和蔼可亲，谈吐文雅，举止稳重，信心十足。
[16] Be competent. Knowledge is power, the saying goes, and the best leaders know that their savvy 17 『智慧』 and proficiency 18 are part of their charisma 19 『魅力』 . Competence 20 galvanizes 『激起；使振奋』 people, and will make them look to you for guidance and direction.
[16]要有竞争性。常言说，知识就是力量。而最出色的领导人物都知道他们的见多识广和对专业的精通是他们的非凡魅力的一部分。具有竞争性能促进人们向你寻求引导和方向。