时间:2019-02-21 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

 A 由when连接的从句


一个过去的动作紧接另一动作时:
He called her a liar 1
他骂她撒谎。
She smacked 2 his face.
她打了他一个耳光。
可以用when把这两个一般过去时的句子连接起来。连接的条件是,从意思上可以明显看出后一动作跟随前一动作,二者并不是同时发生的:
When he called her a liar she smacked his face.
他骂她撒谎时,她打了他一个耳光。
两个过去时这样用时,通常存在这样的概念:第一个动作导致第二个动作,而后者是紧接前者发生的:
When he opened the window the bird flew out.
他一打开窗户鸟就飞出去了。
When the play ended the audience went home.
剧结束后,观众就回家了。
When he died he was given a state funeral.
他去世后,为他举行了国葬。
过去完成时用于when之后,是为了避免使用两个一般过去时可能给人造成两个动作同时发生的印象:
When he had shut the window we opened the door of the cage.
他关了窗户之后,我们把笼门打开了。(我们等他关紧了窗户才打开笼门。)
When she had sung her song she sat down.
她唱完歌之后坐了下来。(如写成 When she sang her song she satdown,可能造成她是坐着唱歌的印象。)
When he had seen all the pictures he said he was ready to leave.
他看了所有的画之后说他要走了。(在他看完画之后……)试和下句相比较:
When he saw all the pictures he expressed amazement 3 that one manshould have painted so many.
他看见所有的画时,表示十分惊奇,一个人竟然画了这么多画。(他一看见画就这么说。)
过去完成时同样可以与as soon as,the moment,immediately连用。(关于as作为表示时间的连词的用法,参见第332节。)
B 过去完成时可以与till/until和before连用,强调一个动作结束或预期将结束,但要注意在till/until+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中,表示一般过去时的动作可以位于表示过去完成时的动作之前,而在before+过去完成时+一般过去时结构中表示一般过去时的动作总是位于表示过去完成时的动作之前:
He refused to go till he had seen all the pictures.
他在看完所有的画之后才同意走。

n.说谎的人
  • I know you for a thief and a liar!我算认识你了,一个又偷又骗的家伙!
  • She was wrongly labelled a liar.她被错误地扣上说谎者的帽子。
拍,打,掴( smack的过去式和过去分词 )
  • He smacked his lips but did not utter a word. 他吧嗒两下嘴,一声也不言语。
  • She smacked a child's bottom. 她打孩子的屁股。
n.惊奇,惊讶
  • All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
  • He looked at me in blank amazement.他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。
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