时间:2019-02-20 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

   iBT阅读词汇题指的是从语言环境(简称语境)中理解词汇。语境在这里又称上下文。英语单词常常是一词多义,词汇题除了考察考生是否具备一定单词量以外,还测试考生在一定语境下准确理解词义的能力。词汇题是托福阅读考试中出现频率很高的一类题型,每篇阅读会涉及到4-5个词汇题。因此,阅读要拿高分掌握这类题型的做题方法尤为重要。新托福的变化在于单词的难度降低,而灵活性却大大增加。新托福更侧重考生的阅读能力,而不是单纯的考查某一个孤立的语言点。很多考生觉得这个题型在备考中的准备量很大,需要记很多单词,但在考试时还是有涉及不到的单词。所以在这篇文章中,笔者将着重跟大家探讨一下词汇题的解题技巧。


  词汇题常见题目形式:
  The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…The word/phrase…in the passage means…The word/phrase… in paragraph…Refers to… what is…?
  或许,很多同学会说我的词汇量非常有限,在考试中遇到这种词汇题,如果不认识就无计可施,只能靠第六感了。其实,托福阅读中涉及到的词汇题还是有一定的解题规律的,以下将分两种类型进行讲解:
  一、熟悉的词汇当所考词汇是你认识的词时,分两步:直接在所给的四个选项中找出相近词;将选定的选项代入考察词汇所在的原文语境中,验证是否符合句意,以防止一词多义的情况。
  例如:TPO-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二题:
  2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. fight offB. showC. causeD. spread解题过程:这是一道词汇题。所考词汇exhibit是高频词汇,它的基本意思是“展示、显示”。因此,选项Bshow是exhibit的同义词;将其代入exhibit所在的语境中进行验证,原句“Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit manyof the symptoms just described.” 可提取主干(Plants exhibitsymptoms),将选项B代入即“植物显示症状”符合语境,因此,选项B正确。
  二、不认识的词汇遇到不认识的词汇,千万不要归因于自己词汇量不足,无计可施进而放弃。托福阅读中的词汇题存在一定的推理规律,这时候要采取以下措施:找到考察词汇所在的句子,寻找推理线索(95%的词汇题都暗含线索),由线索得出的关联信息,分析句意或主干进行推理判断及排除。
  例如:TPO-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems 1中的第八题:
  8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning toA. increaseB. ensureC. favorD. complicate 3解题过程:这是一道词汇题。考察词汇guarantee很多学生可能不太认识,这时候千万不要依靠第六感去猜,要回到原句中,查找线索。原句“Mathematicalmodels of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guaranteeecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact.” 存在两处线索:1. suggestthat(表明)…可见此that句为观点结论句;2.
  likewise指“也、同样”。由以上两点线索可知:上一句肯定出现过相似的观点结论句,只有这样,此句才会说“同样表明…”。此句的上一句为“In general,diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability.” 由ingeneral可知这是典型的结论句,主干为“diversity does not ensure stability.”而考察句的结论为“diversitydoes not guarantee ecosystem 2 stability.” 由此推理可得出,选项B正确。
  例二:本篇文章中第十题:
  10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning toA. increases proportionallyB. differsC. loses significanceD. is common解题过程:这是一道词汇题。回到原句中,查找线索。原句“The destruction caused by the volcanic 4 explosionof Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales incomparison to the destruction caused by humans.” 存在两处线索:1. forexample表明此句是具体的实例,它的作用通常是用来进一步解释证明作者的观点;2. 由in comparisonto可知:此句存在对比关系,即自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏进行比较。作者的观点句,即前一句为“Ecologists are especiallyinterested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communitiesbecause climax 5 communities all over the world are being severely 6 damaged ordestroyed by human activities.”
  由because后半句可知:人类活动造成的破坏极其严重。所以,考察句所举的实例中,自然因素造成的破坏与人类活动的破坏相比较,应该是“不如、逊色”这样的负向信息。因此,选项C中lose同样显示出了减弱、不如的负向信息,因此选项C正确。

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样,从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
n.生态系统
  • This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
vt.使复杂化,使混乱,使难懂
  • There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
  • These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
n.顶点;高潮;v.(使)达到顶点
  • The fifth scene was the climax of the play.第五场是全剧的高潮。
  • His quarrel with his father brought matters to a climax.他与他父亲的争吵使得事态发展到了顶点。
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
标签: 托福阅读
学英语单词
absidia spinosa
adjust error
ALIMD
ambiguous expression
american national standards institute standards
Anaphalis virgata
Angelico, Fra
apex of lung
apl environment
aufhauser
bistable latch
books sort
boulder stone
breakwall
butyl parahydroxybenzoate
cachectin
Chardjui
club member
CMJN
complanatum
conveniences
cu.
Dampal, Tk.
DEPL
Desmiophyllum
dishonorary
display delayed
double-endeds
dropside trailer
dust-ladden air
erasability of storage
Euclidean postulate
exchange anisotropy
false edge
festino
Finlepsin
forty weight
full-day
glucocanescein
glycolysis
gun ballistics
herta
Holcocerus vicarius
hot sodium hydroxide etching test
hot-water heating load
Hurwitz's generalization of binomial theorem
idiopathic neuralgia
inside micrometer gage
inter-country
inverted convertor
irremediable defect
johnson sirleaf
Lagenidiaceae
Las Varas
lechers
Linea glutealis posterior
logarithmic mean temperature degree(lmtd)
magnitude of reaction
main bedroom
make use
mechanical balance type
medium-width
microcontrolled seeder
mispricing
necking phenomena
non-periodic function
oranges
outer most dimension
Oxford English Dictionary
oxysulfide sulfoxide
packing paper
path dependency
piston velocity
potential biological fertility
ramsteins
re-engrave
roll hatch cover
row-galley
sex party
shuffle-board
signal quality detection
siss
speed clutch control handle
SQDG
take back one's words
take service in
tension-ridden
tetraneuris acauliss
theme park
three-dimensional motion
to smile
tsarships
uncle tomming
unwelcomes
us governments
v.32
Vaccinium uliginosum
varnish stick
vitaminoid
Volosovo
well-tie
wolfe i.