时间:2019-02-20 作者:英语课 分类:托福英语


英语课

 口语中很多时候需要非谓语动词的语法运用,但是大多数学生对于这个现象只是听过,但是使用起来却不知所以然。所以我在课上我会跟学生,尤其是基础较好的学生来推荐用这个语法在口语中,这样使口语的句子含金量更高,听起来更加高大上。为了使学生正确使用,我会事先做个统一的讲解,然后再要求学生尽量用在接下的表达中,这样会减少出错的概率,即使出错了,经过我纠正,学生便知道错在哪里。


  在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词.非谓语动词有动词不定式;动名词;现在分词;过去分词。
  用法是:
  一、动词不定式:(to)+do, 具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
  1. 不定式的形式:
  否定式:not + (to) do
  (1) 一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后, 例如:I'm glad to meet you.
  (2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended 2 to be working hard.
  (3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:I regretted to have told a lie.
  2.不定式的句法功能:
  (1)作主语:
  To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.
  动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如可用如下形式:
  It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
  (2)作表语:
  Her job is to clean the hall.
  (3)作宾语:
  常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend 1, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:
  Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
  (4)作宾语补足语:
  在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit 3, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
  (5)作定语:
  动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系:
  ①动宾关系:
  I have a meeting to attend.
  注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:
  He found a good house to live in.
  The child has nothing to worry about.
  What did you open it with?
  如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:
  He has no place to live.
  This is the best way to work out this problem.
  如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:
  Have you got anything to send?
  Have you got anything to be sent?
  ②说明所修饰名词的内容:
  We have made a plan to finish the work.
  ③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:
  He is the first to get here.
  (6)作状语:
  ①表目的:
  He worked day and night to get the money.
  She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.
  注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:
  wrong:To save money, every means 4 has been tried.
  right:To save money, he has tried every means.
  wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
  right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.
  ②表结果:
  He arrived late to find the train gone.
  常用only放在不定式前表示强调:
  I visited him only to find him out.
  ③表原因:
  They were very sad to hear the news.
  ④表程度:
  It's too dark for us to see anything.
  The question is simple for him to answer.

vt.假装,假托,装扮;vi.假装,装作
  • So you don't need to pretend,do you?所以你不必装假了,对吧?
  • Many people pretend that they understand modern art.许多人装着自己懂得现代艺术。
adj.假装的;徒有外表的;传说的;号称的v.假装( pretend的过去式和过去分词 );伪装;(尤指儿童)(在游戏中)装扮;自诩
  • He pretended that resigning was part of his long-term career strategy. 他假装辞职是他长远事业规划的一部分。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He politely pretended not to have heard this remark. 他有礼貌地假装没有听到这句话。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.许可证,许可,执照;vt.允许,容许;vi.容许
  • The doctor will not permit mother up until her leg is better.在母亲的腿好些之前,医生不允许她起床。
  • The soldiers had orders to permit no stranger through.士兵们接到命令不许任何陌生人通过。
n.方法,手段,折中点,物质财富
  • That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
  • We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。
标签: 托福
学英语单词
48-bit word
acting area lighting
additive color system
all-sugar boilings
ammonia cellulose
Arthrostigma
ascentive
axafs
bar ditch
Barkan, Ra's-e
base path
battledress
blink away tears
bone weary
Borae
box toe gum
burden conditioning
carbon steel covered electrode
cassareeps
Chechenskaya Respublika
chemosignals
cold blooded
combinatory explosion
complete set of kets
constant pitch propeller
control trailer
dealing risks
definite day-length plant
demerara rums
despicably
devadasi (s. india)
end of copy signal
ES-ACT
evacuation route
evolution of petroleum
finnidas
furazano b pyridine
ground vibration velocity
hemilaminectomy
Herschel' telescope
historic area
hydrated compound
hydrofluorite
hygroamblystegium filicinum(l.) loesk.
intensity of turbulence
isothermal deformation
konishiki
Kurate
lacticoracemase
machine finished paper
mechanized data processing system
mini-skirt
musculi semispinalis
neotetrazolium chloride
New Netherland
nitrogenated oil
no charge time
object-oriented programming
off-gas vent system
peaking circuit
phenoxypropanediol
philander with
plain(-)paper copier
pole-axeds
Promachoi
pseudostratified
Ragged Edges
ramming up
range of sensitivity
resolution of vectors
RF amplifier
rhombencephatic isthmus
right projection
rod curtain precipitator
roussin's salts
Ruysch's disease
second derivate action
self-organization layer
shelve
shore ice
shylle
side-tunnel fiber
slomen
soldered lug
solicitor general
sous-chef
steeping press
stop a leak
superior quadrigeminal bodies
swarm into
tabbyite
take the breast
talli
tapered edge
TeldrinChlorpheniramine
terbium
time-periods
upscale transfer
varicellazoster virus
Villa Altagracia
whirled around
wormdrive