时间:2019-02-19 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

  副词和形容词有着千丝万缕的联系,相当比例的副词都是形容词加后缀-ly构成的,但副词在句中的作用却与形容词有较大区别,需细心领会:副词最主要的功能是作状语,用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、甚至整个句子,这些都是形容词不可替代的作用,但切记在TOEFL题中不可修饰名词


  副词可大致分为时间副词(如:now, then, recently), 地点副词(如:here, upstairs, everywhere), 方式副词(如:carefully, rapidly, happily), 程度副词(如:much, quite, extremely), 疑问副词(如:how, when, where), 承接副词(如:besides, however, therefore)等等
  副词比较级和最高级的用法基本和形容词相同,形容词比较级的特殊句式同样适用于副词,稍有不同的是副词最高级前的the可用可不用,不用时居多。副词比较级和最高级作为考点的不多,但在题干中多次出现,可留心体会与形容词的区别和联系
  第一节 副词修饰动词
  修饰动词是副词的最主要作用之一,此处动词的含义包括谓语动词、不定式中的动词,被动式或进行时中的分词形式的动词
  例如:You can't possibly arrive there on time.  (谓语动词)
  It's inconvenient 1 to contact him directly.  (不定式中的动词)
  Her composition is frequently referred to as original. (被动式)
  改错题中常误用形容词修饰动词,要注意识别
  According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees ----,  with sloping foreheads and protruding 2 brows.
  (A) facially
  (B) their faces
  (C) having facial
  (D) they had faces
  答案:A
  解释:resemble一词是本句的谓语动词, 已有了宾语chimpanzees, 之后需要的只可能是用来补充说明的非谓语, B、D可先排除; facial是形容词, 不能作have的宾语, 因此C肯定不对; A是副词, 恰好修饰动词作状语
  第二节 程度副词much等
  程度副词much, still, far, a little, a bit 的特殊之处在于:可用来修饰比较级,表示加强或减弱程度。 如: I'm much clearer about the situation now.
  She's not a bit more rational than you were.
  注意:much不能加形容词原形代替比较级
  比如想说更有耐心:不能够说much patient,  而应该说more patient;
  同时more也不能替代much修饰比较级,
  比如要说低得多:不能说more lower , 而应该说much lower;
  第三节 副词在句中的位置
  副词在句中的位置比较灵活,放在句首、句中、句尾都有可能,这是副词的优点,但同时给英语学习者带来了麻烦,往往难以抉择副词的位置,TOEFL出题者也借此大做文章,给考生制造障碍,在填空题、改错题中都涉及语序问题
  几点参考规则:
  1. 多数副词放在修饰的动词之后,若动词有宾语则放在宾语之后,如:
  She sings very well.
  I met your uncle(动词的宾语) just now.
  I met just now your uncle (错)
  2. 副词修饰形容词、介词短语、副词时常放在被修饰成分之前,如:
  These two are only slightly different.
  right after this,  very smoothly 3
  当然,副词enough是一个例外,要放在修饰成分的后面,如:
  I am not good enough to do this job. (对)
  I am not enough good to do this job. (错)
  3. 表示频率的副词常放在实意动词之前,be动词之后,如:
  He  often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never  play(实意动词) tennis.
  He is always here at 8'clock.  (be动词之后)
  4. 部分副词的位置没有一定的规定,原则上接近被修饰词即可,如:
  only, even, still, perhaps, etc.
  Amoebas are ---- small to be seen without a microscope.
  (A) far too
  (B) far and
  (C) so far
  (D) as far as
  答案:A
  解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格处需要small的修饰语,B, C, D都不能修饰形容词, 故选A, 由副词too修饰small,副词far用来加深程度
  第四节 容易混淆的词
  hard (努力,副词)                            -hardly (几乎不,副词)
  close (接近,形容词)                  -closely(接近,副词)
  near (接近,形容词)                  -nearly (几乎,副词), nearby (adj.邻近的)
  most (大多数的,形容词)          -mostly(主要地,大部分 副词)
  late (迟、晚,形容词)                  -lately (最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)
  high  (高的,形容词)                  -highly  (adv. 非常,大大的)
  另外: friendly(友好的), lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly, 但是都是形容词

adj.不方便的,令人感到麻烦的
  • You have come at a very inconvenient time.你来得最不适时。
  • Will it be inconvenient for him to attend that meeting?他参加那次会议会不方便吗?
v.(使某物)伸出,(使某物)突出( protrude的现在分词 );凸
  • He hung his coat on a nail protruding from the wall. 他把上衣挂在凸出墙面的一根钉子上。
  • There is a protruding shelf over a fireplace. 壁炉上方有个突出的架子。 来自辞典例句
adv.平滑地,顺利地,流利地,流畅地
  • The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作,所以工作进展顺利。
  • Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。
标签: 托福 语法 副词
学英语单词
a scrape of the pen
acrolith
action film
add one to memory
agathism
almowr
area traffic signal control system
bagsed
bedding materials
bridge control internal combustion engine
British Time
calcarea chlorata
Cap Horn Seamount
check programme
chipless cutting
cinchotoxine
clemenzas
cluster-bomb
combined probability
come up to somebody
compassplant
conspiracy theories
correlation detection scheme
coupling efficiency between laser and pump modes
cruise ship
cubic foot per second
deteriorations
dibutyl tin laurate
dorsal setae
eating for two
Effigy Mounds National Monument
electric vector of light
ergothionenine
face grinding wheel
fascia axillaris
fiaunts
flat compounding
foreign excitation
four-shaft weave
galvanized iron wire netting
genus prosopiums
genus tyrannuss
geometric axis
germ rice
gimnasia
gneissy
goosier
heiko
hit or miss control
hook-and-bullet
hounsfield tensometer
i-athele
inexposable
International Transport Workers Federation
intrinsic properties
kaurinic acid
landbanks
local-government
mature trophozoite
monotectoid reaction
nanorings
newsy
nicothoids
nut locking
only-element-of-chain
orthogonal substitution
pay-day
pleura visceralis
polystichopsis amabilis tagaea var.yakushim-ensis tagawa
predaceous bugs
primary regulatory responsibility
prostrated
punctural
reception rooms
RH-OB
School time table program
sedinine
shaped conductor cable
short doppler count
significant link
skirt dance
striae spinosa
strickled
superword
temperature-compensated vaporizer
terminal control unit (tcu)
textural characteristics
time differential
togidashi
torontonians
transformationist
TX
ultrasonic locator
unworthness
Vancouver Height
Vdolac
Venkatagiri
Vilegodskiy Rayon
white-knuckled
wing overhang
xanthator
zoom finder