时间:2019-02-19 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇


英语课

 第一节 常用介词


  考点一 常用介词的用法
  常用介词包括简单的,
  如:in, on, at, from, to, like, of, for, after, before, by, with, to, since, between, etc.;
  还有一些组合的,如:into, onto, out of, throughout, within, upon, etc.
  这些词的具体用法需要下功夫搞清,在TOEFL题中都有所体现。
  例题:
  ----one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
  (A) On
  (B) At
  (C) By
  (D) To
  答案:B
  解释:据选项可知需填介词,词组at one time意为“曾经、一度”,符合句意。
  考点二 及物动词和不及物动词
  在改错题目中,经常会出现混淆及物动词和不及物动词,
  (1) 不及物动词后面必须要加上介词,比如go Guangzhou(到广州去),这样表达是不对的,必须改为 go to Guangzhou
  (2) 而及物动词后面不能随意加上介词,因为及物动词后面可以直接接名词
  比如 find the mistake (寻找错误) , 不应该说 find for the mistake
  第二节 介宾短语
  介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语
  考点一 名词作介词宾语
  大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现
  例题:
  (1)
  The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
  (A) more accurate than sundials
  (B) more accurate sundials
  (C) sundials more accurately 1
  (D) more accurately than sundials
  答案:B
  解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。
  考点二 动名词作介词宾语
  名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
  如:before doing the job ,  after getting back
  改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱
  例题:
  Copper 2 sulfate, spread in judicious 3 amounts, kills algae 4 ----harming fish or aquatic 5 invert-ebrates.
  (A) does not
  (B) but does no
  (C) except
  (D) without
  答案:D
  解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.
  考点三 连接从句或不定式
  介词之后还可以接宾语从句或不定式短语,但要借助于
  连接代词  (如:what , which, whom)
  或连接副词  (如:how, when,where)
  例句:        I knew nothing about how he got the green card.
  She's pretty hesitant about which one to choose.
  例题:
  (1)
  The Cubists were concerned with how----a given subject from different points of view simultaneously 6.
  (A) represented
  (B) do they represent
  (C) to represent
  (D) representing
  答案:C
  解释:介词with后面的宾语不完整, C 是不定式短语作宾语. A D都不足以和how构成宾语从句;  B不应用疑问句语序, 若去掉do则是正确的
  (2)
  The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what ----.
  (A) it is known as human knowledge
  (B) is known as human knowledge
  (C) known human knowledge
  (D) is human knowledge known
  答案:B
  解释:介词of的宾语残缺, B 构成宾语从句, 包含短语be known as;A多主语it; C 无法与what契合; D 语序错误
  注意:介词后面不能够接 that 所引导的从句,除非in that连起来作为特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
  (3)
  Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ---- travel over land and water on a layer of air .
  (A) they
  (B) in they
  (C) that they
  (D) in that they
  答案:D
  解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格后是谓语结构,空格处需要从句引导词及从句主语,只有D符合题意,in that是特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
  词汇:hovercraft: 水翼船,  cushion: 垫子

adv.准确地,精确地
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
  • The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
  • Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的
  • We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。
  • A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。
n.水藻,海藻
  • Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
  • Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
adj.水生的,水栖的
  • Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
  • We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
标签: 托福 语法
学英语单词
-humored
4-hydroxytestosterone
age softening
air-escape valve
ajimalinin
all out
amorphous silicon
Arnay-le-Duc
Arnswalde
attemporate
automatisation
Bartholomeu
blood sugar tube
braid into
campsite
carry system
cash subsidy
chromosomal reproduction
co-terminous
Cocuy, Sa.Nev.del
compression control protocol
Craig, James
crowd psychology
crumbly texture
de-politicize
dermajet
diario
dowel pin joint
downpunch
dyna-, dyn-
EACANTHOCEPHALA
emphragma salivare
engine identification number
European rowan
face to face mounting
falcone
ferumoxtran
filament activation
fog rain
foreign passport
get-out clause
groundwater depletion curve
grunder
Guanisol
hemodyaamometry
high-yield-bond
Hilgermissen
hospital public relation
host node cycle
index track
japanese barberries
Ketoquinolines
libraty file designator
Limacidae
linear functions
lobar glosis
managed float
many-handedness
midwestern
misnumberings
mutually synchronization
narcissi
narratage
non-blue
non-processed commodities
nonpigmented melanoma
osmium trioxide
over-pickling
packet framing
piatt
plasma drift velocity
prehypophysial
Prineville Res.
prompt loading
pure plastic flow
race-mixing
raggamouff
Republicrats
scum bags
sensory organ of swim bladder
Sitta canadensis
slip joint coupling
sloans
softknife
sophisiticated
Spears
spot-welded joint
store loading combinations
text messaged
Thazin
threadjackers
umbelliferone diglucoside
universal equalizer
urf
USLANTFLT
v-smow
vermin exterminator
wen jiabao
with sth in mind
wordsplitting
year-to-year storage
zombiss