托福语法讲解:介词
时间:2019-02-19 作者:英语课 分类:英文语法词汇
英语课
第一节 常用介词
考点一 常用介词的用法
常用介词包括简单的,
如:in, on, at, from, to, like, of, for, after, before, by, with, to, since, between, etc.;
还有一些组合的,如:into, onto, out of, throughout, within, upon, etc.
这些词的具体用法需要下功夫搞清,在TOEFL题中都有所体现。
例题:
----one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
(A) On
(B) At
(C) By
(D) To
答案:B
解释:据选项可知需填介词,词组at one time意为“曾经、一度”,符合句意。
考点二 及物动词和不及物动词
在改错题目中,经常会出现混淆及物动词和不及物动词,
(1) 不及物动词后面必须要加上介词,比如go Guangzhou(到广州去),这样表达是不对的,必须改为 go to Guangzhou
(2) 而及物动词后面不能随意加上介词,因为及物动词后面可以直接接名词
比如 find the mistake (寻找错误) , 不应该说 find for the mistake
第二节 介宾短语
介词不能单独使用,而必须和其他词连用,这些词称作介词的宾语,它们共同构成的介宾短语常在句中作状语,作名词的后置定语,有时作某些动词的宾语补足语
考点一 名词作介词宾语
大部分介词的宾语都是由名词(包括代词)充当的,如:under the tree, during the day, 这一考点在题中多次出现
例题:
(1)
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
(A) more accurate than sundials
(B) more accurate sundials
(C) sundials more accurately 1
(D) more accurately than sundials
答案:B
解释:search for缺少宾语, 只有B是表达无误的名词词组, 可以作宾语;其他选项的比较形式都有错。
考点二 动名词作介词宾语
名词作宾语时,之后不能再接宾语,这一缺陷可由动名词弥补。
如:before doing the job , after getting back
改错题中常把应该用动名词作宾语的地方误用为名词或不定式,需留心陷阱
例题:
Copper 2 sulfate, spread in judicious 3 amounts, kills algae 4 ----harming fish or aquatic 5 invert-ebrates.
(A) does not
(B) but does no
(C) except
(D) without
答案:D
解释:harming 是动名词形式, 因此要求前面的词是介词或可接动名词的动词. A B 可首先排除; C 虽是介词, 但与句意不符.
考点三 连接从句或不定式
介词之后还可以接宾语从句或不定式短语,但要借助于
连接代词 (如:what , which, whom)
或连接副词 (如:how, when,where)
例句: I knew nothing about how he got the green card.
She's pretty hesitant about which one to choose.
例题:
(1)
The Cubists were concerned with how----a given subject from different points of view simultaneously 6.
(A) represented
(B) do they represent
(C) to represent
(D) representing
答案:C
解释:介词with后面的宾语不完整, C 是不定式短语作宾语. A D都不足以和how构成宾语从句; B不应用疑问句语序, 若去掉do则是正确的
(2)
The scholarly interest in perception stems largely from questions about the sources and validity of what ----.
(A) it is known as human knowledge
(B) is known as human knowledge
(C) known human knowledge
(D) is human knowledge known
答案:B
解释:介词of的宾语残缺, B 构成宾语从句, 包含短语be known as;A多主语it; C 无法与what契合; D 语序错误
注意:介词后面不能够接 that 所引导的从句,除非in that连起来作为特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
(3)
Hovercraft, or air-cushion vehicles, are unusual ---- travel over land and water on a layer of air .
(A) they
(B) in they
(C) that they
(D) in that they
答案:D
解释:空格前是句子的主谓语,空格后是谓语结构,空格处需要从句引导词及从句主语,只有D符合题意,in that是特殊的状语从句引导词,表原因
词汇:hovercraft: 水翼船, cushion: 垫子
adv.准确地,精确地
- It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
- Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
n.铜;铜币;铜器;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的
- The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
- Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。
adj.明智的,明断的,能作出明智决定的
- We should listen to the judicious opinion of that old man.我们应该听取那位老人明智的意见。
- A judicious parent encourages his children to make their own decisions.贤明的父亲鼓励儿女自作抉择。
n.水藻,海藻
- Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
- Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
adj.水生的,水栖的
- Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
- We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
- The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
- The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。