托福语法:一词多性
英语课
下列托福语法中常见的词既可是形容词,也可是副词:
back hard* little right*
deep* high* long short*
direct* ill low still
early just* much/more/most* straight
enough kindly 1 near* well
far late* pretty* wrong*
fast left
作副词:
作形容词:
Came back soon. the back door
马上回来。 后门
You can dial Rome direct. the most direct route你可以直拨罗马。 最直接的路线
The train went fast. a fast train
火车开得很快。 一列快车
They worked hard. The work is hard.
他们干得很卖劲。(精力旺盛地) 这是一项艰苦的工作。
an ill-made road You look ill/well.
修得很差的路 你气色不好/很好。
Turn right here. the right answer
从这里往右转。 正确答案
She went straight home. a straight line
她直接回家了。 一条直线
He led us wrong. This is the wrong way.
他给我们带错路了。 这种方法不对。
上述带星号的词也有ly形式,注意它们的意思。
deeply(深深地)主要用于表达感情:
He was deeply offended 2.
他被深深地触怒了。
directly(直接)主要用于时间和联系方面:
He’ll be here directly.
他马上就到。(马上)www.Examda.CoM
The new regulations will affect us directly/indirectly.
新的规章制度直接/不直接影响我们。
highly 3(高)主要用于表示抽象概念:
He was a highly paid official.
他是高薪官员。
They spoke 4 very highly of him.
他们对他的评价很高。
justly(公正地)与形容词just(意为fair公正的,right正确的,lawful合法的)相对应。但just也可用为程度副词。
lately(=recently最近):
Have you seen him lately?
你最近看到过他吗?
mostly(=chiefly主要地)
nearly(=almost差不多):
I’m nearly ready.
我差不多快好了。
prettily 5(漂亮地)与形容词pretty(美的)相对应:
Her little girls are always prettily dressed.
她的几个小女孩经常穿戴得很漂亮。
但pretty也可用为程度副词,意为very(非常):
The exam was pretty difficult.
考试相当难。
rightly与一个过去分词连用,意为justly(正当地)或correctly(正确地):
He was rightly/justly punished.
他得到了正当的惩罚。
I was rightly/correctly informed.
我得到了正确的消息。
在这两种情况下,第二个副词比较常用。
shortly(=soon很快,不久),briefly(简短地)或curtly(三言两语地)wrongly可与一个过去分词连用:
You were wrongly(incorrectly)informed.
你得到的消息不正确。
但He acted wrongly(他做得不对)意为他或是行为上或是道义上做得不对。
long和near(副词)的用法比较受限制。
1 long
longer,longest可以不受限制地使用:
It took longer than I expected.
花得时间比我预料的长。
但long主要用于表示否定和疑问:
—How long will it take to get there?
—It won’t take long.
—到那儿需要多长时间?
—没多长时间。
too/so+long或long+enough结构可表示肯定语气。另外的办法是使用a long time:
It would take too long.
那样花时间太多了。
It would take a long time.
那样会需要很长时间。
在日常会话中(for)a long time常被(for)ages替代:I waited for ages.
我等了好长时间。
It took us ages to get there.
我们花了好长时间才到那儿。
2 near ,nearer,nearest也可以随意使用,不受限制:
Don’t come any nearer.
别再靠近了。
但near是原级时,常由very/quite/so/too或enough来修饰:They live quite near.
他/她们住得很近。
Don’t come too near.
别太靠近。
You’re near enough.
你已经靠得够近了。
near作介词与名词、代词或副词连用的情况更为普遍:
Don’t go near the edge.
别靠近边缘。
The ship sank near here.
船是在离这里不远的地方下沉的。
far和much的用法也有限。
adj.和蔼的,温和的,爽快的;adv.温和地,亲切地
- Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
- A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。
v.触怒( offend的过去式和过去分词 );得罪;冒犯;使反感令人不适
- They'll be offended if you don't go to their wedding. 你若不参加他们的婚礼,他们会生气的。
- She was offended by the vulgarity of their jokes. 他们那些粗俗的笑话使她大为不快。
adv.高度地,极,非常;非常赞许地
- It is highly important to provide for the future.预先做好准备非常重要。
- The teacher speaks very highly of the boy's behaviour.老师称赞这个男孩的表现。
n.(车轮的)辐条;轮辐;破坏某人的计划;阻挠某人的行动 v.讲,谈(speak的过去式);说;演说;从某种观点来说
- They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
- The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。
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托福语法